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We revisit the D-measure of event-by-event net-electric charge fluctuations, an idea first introduced over 20 years ago as a potential signature for the presence of quark-gluon plasma (QGP) in heavy-ion collisions. We developed a…

Nuclear Theory · Physics 2025-09-22 Jonathan Parra , Roman Poberezhniuk , Volker Koch , Claudia Ratti , Volodymyr Vovchenko

Jet energy loss in heavy ion collisions, as quantified by the traditional observable of high $p_T$ hadron's nuclear modification factor $R_{AA}$, provides highly informative "imaging" of the hot medium created in heavy ion collisions. There…

High Energy Physics - Phenomenology · Physics 2018-03-14 Shuzhe Shi , Jiechen Xu , Jinfeng Liao , Miklos Gyulassy

A simple one-dimensional gas-piston kinetic model gives the interaction potential between two colliding heavy ions. In the frame of the classical, thermodynamical approach, the colliding heavy ions are not submitted to friction, but…

Nuclear Theory · Physics 2019-05-10 Mario J. Pinheiro

We construct a theoretical framework to describe the evolution of heavy flavors produced in relativistic heavy-ion collisions. The in-medium energy loss of heavy quarks is described using our modified Langevin equation that incorporates…

Nuclear Theory · Physics 2015-08-19 Shanshan Cao , Guang-You Qin , Steffen A. Bass

A novel three-fluid dynamical model for simulations of heavy-ion collisions at RHIC Beam Energy Scan programme, called MUFFIN, has been developed. The novelty consists of modular inclusion of the Equation of State, use of hyperbolic…

Nuclear Theory · Physics 2023-12-19 Jakub Cimerman , Iurii Karpenko , Boris Tomasik , Pasi Huovinen

Simulations of the $\Lambda$-hyperon and light-hypernuclei production in Au+Au collisions at $\sqrt{s_{NN}}=$ 3 GeV were performed within updated Three-fluid Hydrodynamics-based Event Simulator Extended by UrQMD (Ultra-relativistic Quantum…

Nuclear Theory · Physics 2024-03-06 M. Kozhevnikova , Yu. B. Ivanov

Entropy production in the compression stage of heavy ion collisions is discussed within three distinct macroscopic models (i.e. generalized RHTA, geometrical overlap model and three-fluid hydrodynamics). We find that within these models…

Nuclear Theory · Physics 2009-10-31 M. Reiter , A. Dumitru , J. Brachmann , J. A. Maruhn , H. Stöcker , W. Greiner

We analyze the proton-lead collisions at the LHC energy of 5.02TeV in the three-stage approach, previously used to successfully describe the relativistic A-A collisions. The approach consists of the early phase, modeled with the Glauber…

Nuclear Theory · Physics 2013-07-15 Piotr Bozek , Wojciech Broniowski

Using the recently published model for the collisional energy loss of heavy quarks (Q) in a Quark Gluon Plasma (QGP), based on perturbative QCD (pQCD) with a running coupling constant, we study the interaction between heavy quarks and…

High Energy Physics - Phenomenology · Physics 2010-04-14 P. B. Gossiaux , R. Bierkandt , J. Aichelin

A 3-fluid hydrodynamic model is introduced for simulating heavy-ion collisions at incident energies between few and about 200 AGeV. In addition to the two baryon-rich fluids of 2-fluid models, the new model incorporates a third, baryon-free…

Nuclear Theory · Physics 2009-11-10 V. N. Russkikh , Yu. B. Ivanov , E. G. Nikonov , W. Noerenberg , V. D. Toneev

Relativistic collisions of light on heavy ions (p+Au at sqrt(s)=7.7 GeV, p+Au, d+Au,3He+Au at sqrt(s)=62.4 GeV and 200 GeV and p+Pb, 3He+Pb at sqrt(s)=5.02 TeV) are simulated using "superSONIC", a model that includes pre-equilibrium flow,…

Nuclear Theory · Physics 2015-02-18 Paul Romatschke

Quark-Gluon Plasma (QGP), a QCD state of matter created in ultra-relativistic heavy-ion collisions, has remarkable properties, including, for example, a low shear viscosity over entropy ratio. By detecting the collection of low-momentum…

High Energy Physics - Phenomenology · Physics 2022-09-20 Liliana Apolinário , Yen-Jie Lee , Michael Winn

We introduce a method to reconstruct full rapidity distributions of charged particle multiplicity and net proton yields, crucial for constraining the longitudinal dynamics of nuclear matter created in the beam energy scan program. Employing…

High Energy Physics - Phenomenology · Physics 2024-07-09 Lipei Du

We construct the density of states for quarks and gluons using the `Thomas - Fermi model' for atoms and the `Bethe model' for nucleons as templates. With parameters to take care of the plasma (hydrodynamical) features of the QGP with a…

High Energy Physics - Phenomenology · Physics 2009-11-10 R. Ramanathan , Y. K. Mathur , K. K. Gupta , Agam K. Jha

A statistical-type model is developed to describe the ion production and electron emission in collisions of (molecular) ions with atoms. The model is based on the Boltzmann population of the bound electronic energy levels of the quasi…

Atomic Physics · Physics 2016-08-19 Zoltán Juhász

A great many observables seen in intermediate energy heavy ion collisions can be explained on the basis of statistical equilibrium. Calculations based on statistical equilibrium can be implemented in microcanonical ensemble (energy and…

Nuclear Theory · Physics 2009-11-10 C. B. Das , S. Das Gupta , W. G. Lynch , A. Z. Mekjian , M. B. Tsang

We map the mean-field Ising model equation of state onto the QCD phase diagram, and reconstruct the full coexistence region in the case of a first order phase transition. Beyond the coexistence line, we maintain access to the spinodal…

Nuclear Theory · Physics 2024-09-24 Jamie M. Karthein , Volker Koch , Claudia Ratti

Many features of heavy-ion collisions are well described by hybrid approaches, where the droplet of strongly coupled quark gluon plasma (QGP) is modeled by hydrodynamics and the subsequent dilute stage is performed with a hadronic transport…

Nuclear Theory · Physics 2026-05-14 Lucas Constantin , Niklas Götz , Carl B. Rosenkvist , Hannah Elfner

We investigated the information carried by the data of direct photons, ie, the transverse momentum spectrum and the elliptic flow $v_{2}$ from Pb+Pb collisions at $\sqrt{s_{NN}}$=2.76TeV measured at Large Hadron Collider (LHC) and from…

Nuclear Theory · Physics 2014-03-19 Fu-Ming Liu , Sheng-Xu Liu

The (viscous) anisotropic hydrodynamic approach, especially after perturbative inclusion of all residual viscous terms, has been shown to dramatically outperform viscous hydrodynamics in several simplified situations for which exact…

Nuclear Theory · Physics 2018-03-14 Dennis Bazow , Ulrich W. Heinz , Michael Strickland