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The fluid-dynamical modeling of a nuclear collision at high energy usually starts shortly after the collision. A major source of uncertainty comes from the detailed modeling of the initial state. While the collision itself likely involves…

Nuclear Theory · Physics 2025-04-16 Andreas Kirchner , Federica Capellino , Eduardo Grossi , Stefan Floerchinger

The formation of quark-gluon plasma (QGP) in relativistic heavy ion collision, is expected to be accompanied by a background of ordinary collision events without phase transition. In this short note an algorithm is proposed to select the…

High Energy Physics - Phenomenology · Physics 2007-05-23 Liu Lianshou , Chen Qinghua , Hu Yuan

The quark-gluon plasma (QGP) produced in ultrarelativistic heavy-ion collisions has exhibited properties of a mostly perfect fluid. These properties can be observed through the hydrodynamic expansion of the QGP. Experimentally, this was…

High Energy Physics - Experiment · Physics 2025-05-21 Victor Valencia Torres

It is widely believed that the quark-gluon plasma (QGP) might be formed in the current heavy ion collisions. It is also widely recognized that the relativistic hydrodynamics is one of the best tools for describing the process of expansion…

Nuclear Theory · Physics 2017-02-06 Zhi-Jin Jiang , Jia-Qi Hui , Yu Zhang

The quark gluon plasma (QGP) is one of the most interesting forms of matter providing us with insight on quantum chromodynamics (QCD) and the early universe. It is believed that the heavy-ion collision experiments at the Relativistic Heavy…

Nuclear Theory · Physics 2022-08-01 Wenkai Fan

The simulation of turbulent combustion phenomena is still an open problem in modern fluid dynamics. Considering the economical importance of hydrocarbon combustion in energy production processes, it is evident the need of an accurate tool…

Flow observables in heavy-ion reactions at incident energies up to about 1 GeV per nucleon have been shown to be very useful for investigating the reaction dynamics and for determining the parameters of reaction models based on transport…

Nuclear Experiment · Physics 2014-03-25 P. Russotto , M. D. Cozma , A. Le Fevre , Y. Leifels , R. Lemmon , Q. Li , J. Lukasik , W. Trautmann

Relativistic hydrodynamics has been extensively applied to high energy heavy-ion collisions. We review hydrodynamic calculations for Au+Au collisions at RHIC energies and provide a comprehensive comparison between the model and experimental…

Nuclear Theory · Physics 2007-05-23 Peter F. Kolb , Ulrich Heinz

In these proceedings I review recent developments concerning the hydrodynamic description of the quark-gluon plasma (QGP). I report on the progress towards more realistic simulations and discuss new features about the QGP transport…

Nuclear Theory · Physics 2019-02-20 Jorge Noronha

Recent work has provided the means to rigorously determine properties of super-hadronic matter from experimental data through the application of broad scale modeling of high-energy nuclear collisions within a Bayesian framework. These…

Nuclear Theory · Physics 2016-03-23 Evan Sangaline , Scott Pratt

Earlier fluid dynamical calculations with QGP show a softening of the directed flow while with hadronic matter this effect is absent. On the other hand, we indicated that a third flow component shows up in the reaction plane as an enhanced…

High Energy Physics - Phenomenology · Physics 2009-11-10 L. P. Csernai , A. Anderlik , Cs. Anderlik , V. K. Magas , E. Molnar , A. Nyiri , D. Röhrich , K. Tamosiunas

The last decades of high energy physics revealed, that in ultra-relativistic ion-ion collisions, a strongly interacting quark gluon plasma (sQGP) is created. Varying the collision energy allows for the investigation of the phase diagram of…

Nuclear Experiment · Physics 2018-09-21 Mate Csanad

By utilizing a soft-hard factorized model, which combines a thermal perturbative description of soft scatterings and a perturbative QCD-based calculation for hard collisions, we study the energy and temperature dependence of the heavy quark…

High Energy Physics - Phenomenology · Physics 2021-06-24 Shuang Li , Fei Sun , Wei Xie , Wei Xiong

The collective expansion of the quark-gluon plasma (QGP) created in heavy-ion collisions suggests that geometry-inspired approaches can be useful in extracting information about the QGP. In this work, a systematic study of observables based…

Nuclear Theory · Physics 2025-09-03 Federica Capellino , Andrea Dubla , Silvia Masciocchi , Govert Nijs , Daniel Spitz

The quality of data taken at RHIC and LHC as well as the success and sophistication of computational models for the description of ultra-relativistic heavy-ion collisions have advanced to a level that allows for the quantitative extraction…

Nuclear Theory · Physics 2018-03-14 Steffen A. Bass , Jonah E. Bernhard , J. Scott Moreland

We describe here a model for inelastic collisions for electronic excitation and deexcitation processes in a general, multifluid plasma. The model is derived from kinetic theory, and applicable to any mixture and mass ratio. The principle of…

Plasma Physics · Physics 2015-10-08 H. P. Le , J. -L. Cambier

The experimental data on hadron yields and ratios in central lead-lead and gold-gold collisions at 158 AGeV/$c$ (SPS) and $\sqrt{s} = 130$ AGeV (RHIC), respectively, are analysed within a two-source statistical model of an ideal hadron gas.…

Nuclear Theory · Physics 2009-11-07 Zhong-Dao Lu , Amand Faesler , C. Fuchs , E. E. Zabrodin

A hybrid model is put forward for describing relativistic heavy ion collisions. The early interaction stage responsible for entropy creation is calculated within the transport Quark-Gluon String Model resulting in an initial state. The…

High Energy Physics - Phenomenology · Physics 2008-11-26 V. V. Skokov , V. D. Toneev

Analysis of directed flow ($v_1$) of protons, antiprotons and pions in heavy-ion collisions is performed in the range of collision energies $\sqrt{s_{NN}}$ = 2.7--39 GeV. Simulations have been done within a three-fluid model employing a…

Nuclear Theory · Physics 2017-12-12 Yuri B. Ivanov

We discuss the use of the hydrodynamic model for the description of the evolution of dense matter formed in ultrarelativistic heavy-ion collisions. The collective flow observed in heavy-ion collisions at the BNL Relativistic Heavy Ion…

Nuclear Theory · Physics 2015-06-19 Piotr Bozek , Wojciech Broniowski