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We consider languages defined by signed grammars which are similar to context-free grammars except productions with signs associated to them are allowed. As a consequence, the words generated also have signs. We use the structure of the…
A finite constraint language $\mathscr{R}$ is a finite set of relations over some finite domain $A$. We show that intractability of the constraint satisfaction problem $\operatorname{CSP}(\mathscr{R})$ can, in all known cases, be replaced…
In 2018, it was shown that all finitely generated virtually Abelian groups have multiple context-free word problems, and it is still an open problem as to where to precisely place the word problems of hyperbolic groups in the formal…
We present the Unified Form Language (UFL), which is a domain-specific language for representing weak formulations of partial differential equations with a view to numerical approximation. Features of UFL include support for variational…
We introduce a fixed point iteration process built on optimization of a linear function over a compact domain. We prove the process always converges to a fixed point and explore the set of fixed points in various convex sets. In particular,…
The reflections in a Coxeter group are defined as conjugates of a single generator, and thus admit palindromic expressions as products of generators. Our main result gives closed formulas providing a palindromic reduced expression for each…
The set of idempotents of any semigroup carries the structure of a biordered set, which contains a great deal of information concerning the idempotent generated subsemigroup of the semigroup in question. This leads to the construction of a…
We are interested in the subgroup membership problem in groups acting on rooted $d$-regular trees and a natural class of subgroups, the stabilisers of infinite rays emanating from the root. These rays, which can also be viewed as infinite…
We study the problem of fitting ontologies and constraints to positive and negative examples that take the form of a finite relational structure. As ontology and constraint languages, we consider the description logics $\mathcal{E\mkern-2mu…
Indexed languages are a generalization of context-free languages and form a proper subset of context-sensitive languages. We propose to generalize to indexed languages several well known characterizations of context-free languages: namely,…
We deal with equations over free semilattice of infinite rank and prove that any infinite consistent system of equations is equivalent to its finite subsystem. Moreover, we describe irreducible algebraic sets and solve some algorithmic…
We develop a new tool, namely polynomial and linear algebraic methods, for studying systems of word equations. We illustrate its usefulness by giving essentially simpler proofs of several hard problems. At the same time we prove extensions…
We study the Diophantine problem (decidability of finite systems of equations) in different classes of finitely generated solvable groups (nilpotent, polycyclic, metabelian, free solvable, etc), which satisfy some natural…
Given a linear equation $\mathcal{L}$, a set $A$ of integers is $\mathcal{L}$-free if $A$ does not contain any `non-trivial' solutions to $\mathcal{L}$. This notion incorporates many central topics in combinatorial number theory such as…
Building on the previous extensive study of Yang, Gould and the present author, we provide a more precise insight into the group-theoretical ramifications of the word problem for free idempotent generated semigroups over finite biordered…
We show that groups presented by inverse-closed finite convergent length-reducing rewriting systems are characterised by a striking geometric property: their Cayley graphs are geodetic and side-lengths of non-degenerate triangles are…
A $k$-configuration is a collection of $k$ distinct integers $x_1,\ldots,x_k$ together with their pairwise arithmetic means $\frac{x_i+x_j}{2}$ for $1 \leq i < j \leq k$. Building on recent work of Filmus, Hatami, Hosseini and Kelman on…
Satisfiability of word equations is an important problem in the intersection of formal languages and algebra: Given two sequences consisting of letters and variables we are to decide whether there is a substitution for the variables that…
We show that the invariants of a free associative algebra of finite rank under a linear action of a finite-dimensional Hopf algebra generated by group-like and skew-primitive elements form a finitely generated algebra exactly when the…
Sets with atoms serve as an alternative to ZFC foundations for mathematics, where some infinite, though highly symmetric sets, behave in a finitistic way. Therefore, one can try to carry over analysis of the classical algorithms from finite…