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These notes discuss, in a style intended for physicists, how to average data and fit it to some functional form. I try to make clear what is being calculated, what assumptions are being made, and to give a derivation of results rather than…

Data Analysis, Statistics and Probability · Physics 2014-10-28 Peter Young

High-dimensional data arise routinely in modern statistics, econometrics, finance, genomics, and machine learning. While a large body of existing methodology is developed under Gaussian or light-tailed assumptions, many real data sets…

Methodology · Statistics 2026-04-16 Long Feng

The fitting of radial velocity curves is a frequent procedure in binary stars and exoplanet research. In the majority of cases the fitting routines need to be fed with a set of initial parameter values and priors from which to begin the…

Solar and Stellar Astrophysics · Physics 2015-05-19 Ramón Iglesias-Marzoa , Mercedes López-Morales , María Jesús Arévalo Morales

Cross-fitting is a key ingredient in many semiparametric estimation procedures, such as double/debiased machine learning (DML), enabling valid estimation of low-dimensional targets in the presence of high-dimensional nuisance functions by…

Computation · Statistics 2026-05-18 Etienne Peyrot , François Petit

Two fundamental research tasks in science and engineering are forward predictions and data inversion. This article introduces a recent R package RobustCalibration for Bayesian data inversion and model calibration by experiments and field…

Computation · Statistics 2024-02-20 Mengyang Gu

This article describes novel approaches to quickly estimate planar surfaces from RGBD sensor data. The approach manipulates the standard algebraic fitting equations into a form that allows many of the needed regression variables to be…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2021-03-12 John Papadakis , Andrew R. Willis

The growing field of large-scale time domain astronomy requires methods for probabilistic data analysis that are computationally tractable, even with large datasets. Gaussian Processes are a popular class of models used for this purpose…

Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics · Physics 2017-11-15 Daniel Foreman-Mackey , Eric Agol , Sivaram Ambikasaran , Ruth Angus

In this paper, we propose a novel geometric model fitting method, called Mode-Seeking on Hypergraphs (MSH),to deal with multi-structure data even in the presence of severe outliers. The proposed method formulates geometric model fitting as…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2016-11-17 Hanzi Wang , Guobao Xiao , Yan Yan , David Suter

We describe an R package named huge which provides easy-to-use functions for estimating high dimensional undirected graphs from data. This package implements recent results in the literature, including Friedman et al. (2007), Liu et al.…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2020-06-29 Tuo Zhao , Han Liu , Kathryn Roeder , John Lafferty , Larry Wasserman

Fitting models to data is an important part of the practice of science. Advances in machine learning have made it possible to fit more -- and more complex -- models, but have also exacerbated a problem: when multiple models fit the data…

Methodology · Statistics 2025-10-27 Alexandre René , André Longtin

High-volume feature-rich data sets are becoming the bread-and-butter of 21st century astronomy but present significant challenges to scientific discovery. In particular, identifying scientifically significant relationships between sets of…

Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics · Physics 2015-06-15 Matthew J. Graham , S. G. Djorgovski , Ashish A. Mahabal , Ciro Donalek , Andrew J. Drake

We propose a novel method to fit and segment multi-structural data via convex relaxation. Unlike greedy methods --which maximise the number of inliers-- this approach efficiently searches for a soft assignment of points to models by…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2017-06-07 Paul Amayo , Pedro Pinies , Lina M. Paz , Paul Newman

We have used over 10,000 early-type galaxies from the 6dF Galaxy Survey (6dFGS) to construct the Fundamental Plane across the optical and near-infrared passbands. We demonstrate that a maximum likelihood fit to a multivariate Gaussian model…

Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics · Physics 2015-05-14 Christina Magoulas , Matthew Colless , D. Heath Jones , Christopher M. Springob , Jeremy R. Mould

Linear mixed-effects models are widely used in analyzing clustered or repeated measures data. We propose a quasi-likelihood approach for estimation and inference of the unknown parameters in linear mixed-effects models with high-dimensional…

Methodology · Statistics 2021-03-10 Sai Li , Tony T. Cai , Hongzhe Li

A major trend in academia and data science is the rapid adoption of Bayesian statistics for data analysis and modeling, leading to the development of probabilistic programming languages (PPL). A PPL provides a framework that allows users to…

Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics · Physics 2021-02-15 James. W. Nightingale , Richard G. Hayes , Matthew Griffiths

A successful model for high-dimensional spatial extremes should, in principle, be able to describe both weakening extremal dependence at increasing levels and changes in the type of extremal dependence class as a function of the distance…

Methodology · Statistics 2022-12-14 Silius M. Vandeskog , Sara Martino , Raphaël Huser

This paper presents a comprehensive algorithm for fitting generative models whose likelihood, moments, and other quantities typically used for inference are not analytically or numerically tractable. The proposed method aims to provide a…

Methodology · Statistics 2025-11-12 Guido Masarotto

Hyperspectral imaging has become a significant source of valuable data for astronomers over the past decades. Current instrumental and observing time constraints allow direct acquisition of multispectral images, with high spatial but low…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2019-12-30 Claire Guilloteau , Thomas Oberlin , Olivier Berné , Nicolas Dobigeon

We generalize the well-known mixtures of Gaussians approach to density estimation and the accompanying Expectation--Maximization technique for finding the maximum likelihood parameters of the mixture to the case where each data point…

Methodology · Statistics 2011-08-01 Jo Bovy , David W. Hogg , Sam T. Roweis

We present the pulsar_spectra software repository, an open-source pulsar flux density catalogue and automated spectral fitting software that finds the best spectral model and produces publication-quality plots. The Python-based software…

High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena · Physics 2022-11-09 N. A. Swainston , C. P. Lee , S. J. McSweeney , N. D. R. Bhat