Related papers: Hydras for $\omega_{1}$
We give an example of irrational vector $\pmb{\theta} \in \mathbb{R}^2$ such that the set $Bad_{\pmb{\theta}} := \{(\eta_1,\eta_2): \inf_{x\in\mathbb{N}} x^{\frac{1}{2}} \max_{i=1,2} \|x \theta_i-\eta_i\|>0\}$ is not absolutely winning with…
We introduce the zeta number, natural halting probability and natural complexity of a Turing machine and we relate them to Chaitin's Omega number, halting probability, and program-size complexity. A classification of Turing machines…
Godelian sentences of a sufficiently strong and recursively enumerable theory, constructed in Godel's 1931 groundbreaking paper on the incompleteness theorems, are unprovable if the theory is consistent; however, they could be refutable.…
We prove that, for any prime number $p\geq 5$, the set of natural numbers $n$ such that $p\mid H_n$ is finite.
The well-defined but intricate course of time evolution exhibited by many naturally occurring phenomena suggests some source of dynamic order sustaining it. In spite of its obviousness as a problem, it has remained absent from the…
Let $R$ be a ring with unity and $U(R)$ its group of units. Let $\Delta U=\{a\in U(R)\mid [U(R):C_{U(R)}(a)]<\infty\}$ be the $FC$-radical of $U(R)$ and let $\nabla(R)=\{a\in R\mid [U(R):C_{U(R)}(a)]<\infty\}$ be the $FC$-subring of $R$. An…
Define $\theta(x)=(x-1)/3$ if $x\geq 1$, and $\theta(x)=2x/(1-x)$ if $x<1$. We conjecture that the orbit of every positive rational number ends in 0. In particular, there does not exist any positive rational fixed point for a map in the…
All ultrafilters under consideration here are non-principal ultrafilters on the set omega of natural numbers. We are concerned with the possible cofinalities of ultrapowers of omega with respect to such ultrafilters. We show that no…
We establish existence and uniqueness of solution for the homogeneous Dirichlet problem associated to a fairly general class of elliptic equations modeled by $$ -\Delta u= h(u){f} \ \ \text{in}\,\ \Omega, $$ where $f$ is an irregular datum,…
Recent references to the commonly accepted expression for the entropy of a black hole to questions concerning the constancy of some of the so-called 'universal constants of nature' are questioned, as is the validity of the said entropy…
The celebrated Erd\"{o}s-Hajnal conjecture states that for every undirected graph $H$ there exists $ \epsilon(H) > 0 $ such that every undirected graph on $ n $ vertices that does not contain $H$ as an induced subgraph contains a clique or…
In the present paper we shall prove that countable \omega-categorical simple CM-trivial theories and countable \omega-categorical simple theories with strong stable forking are low. In addition, we observe that simple theories of bounded…
For every uncountable regular $\kappa$, we give two examples of proper posets which turn improper in some $\kappa$-closed forcing extension.
By combining classical results of B\"uchi, some elementary Tauberian theorems and some basic tools from logic and combinatorics we show that every ordinal $\alpha$ with $\varepsilon_0\geq \alpha\geq \omega^\omega$ satisfies a natural…
We show that countable set theory, $ZFC^{-}+\forall x\ |x|\leq\omega$, is unable to eliminate imaginaries. In other words, this theory cannot provide representatives for arbitrary definable equivalence relations. We also see that $ZFC^{-}$…
Infinite draughts, or checkers, is played just like the finite game, but on an infinite checkerboard extending without bound in all four directions. We prove that every countable ordinal arises as the game value of a position in infinite…
We prove the undecidability of determining whether a Turing machine yields an eventually periodic trajectory. From this, we deduce the undecidability of orbit finiteness in the polynomial dynamical system on infinite tuples of integers.
Unipotent flows are well-behaved dynamical systems. In particular, Marina Ratner has shown that the closure of every orbit for such a flow is of a nice algebraic (or geometric) form. After presenting some consequences of this important…
The concept of random deaths in a computational model for population dynamics is critically examined. We claim that it is just an artifact, albeit useful, of computational models to limit the size of the populations and has no biological…
For a family of periodic SEIRS models with general incidence, we prove the existence of at least one endemic periodic orbit when R_0>1. Additionally, we prove the existence of a unique disease-free periodic orbit, that is globally…