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One of the hallmarks of time-reversal-symmetric topological insulators in three dimensions is the topological magnetoelectric effect (TME). So far, a time-reversal breaking variant of this effect has attracted much attention, in the sense…

Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics · Physics 2017-12-06 Heinrich-Gregor Zirnstein , Bernd Rosenow

Time-resolved observations of the Cosmic Microwave Background (CMB) offer a powerful probe of time-dependent cosmological signals, such as a stochastic gravitational wave background passing through Earth, which imprints a time-varying…

Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics · Physics 2025-11-18 Yilun Guan

We present a general formulation of the nonlinear, time-dependent current through a small interacting region, where electron energies are changed by time-dependent voltages. An exact solution is obtained for the non-interacting case when…

Condensed Matter · Physics 2009-10-22 Ned S. Wingreen , Antti-Pekka Jauho , Yigal Meir

We present a novel formalism to describe the $in$ $vacuo$ conversion between polarization states of propagating radiation, also known as generalized Faraday effect (GFE), in a cosmological context. Thinking of GFE as a potential tracer of…

Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics · Physics 2021-07-12 Margherita Lembo , Massimiliano Lattanzi , Luca Pagano , Alessandro Gruppuso , Paolo Natoli , Francesco Forastieri

Time-varying metamaterials are artificial materials whose electromagnetic properties change over time. Similar to a spatial medium discontinuity, a sudden change in time of the metamaterial refractive index induces the generation of a…

Classical Physics · Physics 2025-02-06 Davide Ramaccia , Alessandro Toscano , Filiberto Bilotti

Large and abrupt variations in the electromagnetic properties of materials lead to dramatic effects: even a single step-like change in the refractive index induces striking phenomena, such as time-refraction and time-reflection. When the…

The advent of novel nonlinear materials has stirred unprecedented interest in exploring the use of temporal inhomogeneities to achieve novel forms of wave control, amidst the greater vision of engineering metamaterials across both space and…

Optics · Physics 2022-11-24 Emanuele Galiffi , Shixiong Yin , Andrea Alù

The transverse acoustic wave propagating along the [100] axis of the cubic Tb$_3$Ga$_5$O$_{12}$ (acoustic $c_{44}$ mode) is doubly degenerate. A magnetic field applied in the direction of propagation lifts this degeneracy and leads to the…

Strongly Correlated Electrons · Physics 2015-05-19 A. Sytcheva , U. Loew , S. Yasin , J. Wosnitza , S. Zherlitsyn , P. Thalmeier , T. Goto. P. Wyder , B. Luethi

We report an asymmetric behavior of optical pulses during their propagation through a time-varying linear optical medium. The refractive index of the medium is considered to be varying with time and complex such that a sufficient amount of…

Optics · Physics 2020-07-17 Piyali Biswas , Harsh K. Gandhi , Vaibhab Mishra , Somnath Ghosh

Cosmic Birefringence (CB) is the in-vacuo rotation of the linear polarization direction of photons during propagation, caused by parity-violating extensions of Maxwell electromagnetism. We build low resolution CB angle maps using Planck…

Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics · Physics 2022-09-30 Marco Bortolami , Matteo Billi , Alessandro Gruppuso , Paolo Natoli , Luca Pagano

We report on new electromagnetic modes in space-time modulated dispersion-engineered media. These modes exhibit unusual dispersion relation, field profile and scattering properties. They are generated by coupled codirectional space-time…

Photonic time interfaces, as the temporal analogue of spatial interfaces between two media, consist of a rapid change of the electromagnetic properties of a material (such as permittivity {\epsilon}, and permeability {\mu}) while the wave…

Optics · Physics 2024-11-22 Victor Pacheco-Peña , Nader Engheta

We present an experimental study of time refraction of spin waves propagating in microscopic waveguides under the influence of time-varying magnetic fields. Using space- and time-resolved Brillouin light scattering microscopy, we…

Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics · Physics 2021-04-07 K. Schultheiss , N. Sato , P. Matthies , L. Körber , K. Wagner , T. Hula , O. Gladii , J. E. Pearson , A. Hoffmann , M. Helm , J. Fassbender , H. Schultheiss

Propagation, transmission and reflection properties of linearly polarized plane waves and arbitrarily short electromagnetic pulses in one-dimensional dispersionless dielectric media possessing an arbitrary space-time dependence of the…

The time-dependence of the Bragg diffraction by one-dimensional photonic crystals and its influence on the short pulse reflection are studied in the framework of the coupled- wave theory. The indicial response of the photonic crystal is…

Optics · Physics 2015-09-02 Jean-michel André , Philippe Jonnard

In the context of $\theta$ electrodynamics we find transverse electromagnetic wave solutions forbidden in Maxwell electrodynamics. Our results attest to new evidence of the topological magnetoelectric effect in topological insulators,…

Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics · Physics 2025-11-11 Sebastián Filipini , Mauro Cambiaso

We study the effect of Faraday rotation due to a homogeneous magnetic field on the polarization of the cosmic microwave background (CMB). Scalar fluctuations give rise only to parity-even E-type polarization of the CMB. However in the…

Astrophysics · Physics 2009-11-10 Claudia Scoccola , Diego Harari , Silvia Mollerach

Negative refraction is a peculiar wave propagation phenomenon that occurs when a wave crosses a boundary between a regular medium and a medium with both constitutive parameters negative at the given frequency. The phase and group velocities…

Optics · Physics 2022-09-23 Or Lasri , Lea Sirota

Time-varying photonic systems open new possibilities for controlling light, enabling photonic time crystals, time reflection and refraction, frequency conversion, synthetic gauge fields, optical nonreciprocity, among others. These effects…

Optics · Physics 2026-01-27 Zeki Hayran , John B. Pendry , Prasad P. Iyer , Francesco Monticone

This paper presents an analytical framework for the analysis of time-varying metal-based metamaterials. Concretely, we particularize the study to time-modulated metal-air interfaces embedded between two different semi-infinite media that…