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Deep neural networks (DNNs) have revolutionized the field of artificial intelligence and have achieved unprecedented success in cognitive tasks such as image and speech recognition. Training of large DNNs, however, is computationally…

Deep Neural Networks (DNNs) deliver state-of-the-art performance in many image recognition and understanding applications. However, despite their outstanding performance, these models are black-boxes and it is hard to understand how they…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2019-08-14 Moustafa Alzantot , Amy Widdicombe , Simon Julier , Mani Srivastava

Deep Learning neural networks are pervasive, but traditional computer architectures are reaching the limits of being able to efficiently execute them for the large workloads of today. They are limited by the von Neumann bottleneck: the high…

Emerging Technologies · Computer Science 2022-06-22 Wilfried Haensch , Anand Raghunathan , Kaushik Roy , Bhaswar Chakrabarti , Charudatta M. Phatak , Cheng Wang , Supratik Guha

In neuromorphic photonic systems, device operations are typically governed by analog signals, necessitating digital-to-analog converters (DAC) and analog-to-digital converters (ADC). However, data movement between memory and these…

Emerging Technologies · Computer Science 2026-01-13 Sean Lam , Ahmed Khaled , Simon Bilodeau , Bicky A. Marquez , Paul R. Prucnal , Lukas Chrostowski , Bhavin J. Shastri , Sudip Shekhar

Neuromorphic computing and spiking neural networks aim to leverage biological inspiration to achieve greater energy efficiency and computational power beyond traditional von Neumann architectured machines. In particular, spiking neural…

Neural and Evolutionary Computing · Computer Science 2023-04-17 Nicholas J. Pritchard , Andreas Wicenec , Mohammed Bennamoun , Richard Dodson

The demand for edge artificial intelligence to process event-based, complex data calls for hardware beyond conventional digital, von-Neumann architectures. Neuromorphic computing, using spiking neural networks (SNNs) with emerging…

Applied Physics · Physics 2025-09-08 Zhu Wang , Song Wang , Zhiyuan Du , Ruibin Mao , Yu Xiao , Hayden Kwok-Hay So , Peng Lin , Can Li

Increasing complexity and data-generation rates in cyber-physical systems and the industrial Internet of things are calling for a corresponding increase in AI capabilities at the resource-constrained edges of the Internet. Meanwhile, the…

Neural and Evolutionary Computing · Computer Science 2023-02-20 Mattias Nilsson , Olov Schelén , Anders Lindgren , Ulf Bodin , Cristina Paniagua , Jerker Delsing , Fredrik Sandin

This paper proposes a deep Convolutional Neural Network(CNN) with strong generalization ability for structural topology optimization. The architecture of the neural network is made up of encoding and decoding parts, which provide down- and…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2020-04-01 Yiquan Zhang , Bo Peng , Xiaoyi Zhou , Cheng Xiang , Dalei Wang

The rapid advancement of neuromorphic technology aims to address the memory wall challenge inherent in conventional von Neumann architectures. This paper critically examines current digital neuromorphic processors and their strategies to…

Hardware Architecture · Computer Science 2026-04-13 Amirreza Yousefzadeh , Sameed Sohail , Ana Lucia Varbanescu

The last decade has seen the rise of neuromorphic architectures based on artificial spiking neural networks, such as the SpiNNaker, TrueNorth, and Loihi systems. The massive parallelism and co-locating of computation and memory in these…

Computational Complexity · Computer Science 2020-01-24 Johan Kwisthout , Nils Donselaar

Currently, increasingly deeper neural networks have been applied to improve their accuracy. In contrast, We propose a novel wider Convolutional Neural Networks (CNN) architecture, motivated by the Multi-column Deep Neural Networks and the…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2018-10-10 Xiaobo Huang

Deep neural networks are an extremely successful and widely used technique for various pattern recognition and machine learning tasks. Due to power and resource constraints, these computationally intensive networks are difficult to…

Distributed, Parallel, and Cluster Computing · Computer Science 2018-10-02 Thorbjörn Posewsky , Daniel Ziener

Neuroscientists classify neurons into different types that perform similar computations at different locations in the visual field. Traditional methods for neural system identification do not capitalize on this separation of 'what' and…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2018-01-30 David A. Klindt , Alexander S. Ecker , Thomas Euler , Matthias Bethge

The cost involved in training deep neural networks (DNNs) on von-Neumann architectures has motivated the development of novel solutions for efficient DNN training accelerators. We propose a hybrid in-memory computing (HIC) architecture for…

Hardware Architecture · Computer Science 2021-02-11 Vinay Joshi , Wangxin He , Jae-sun Seo , Bipin Rajendran

A computational graph in a deep neural network (DNN) denotes a specific data flow diagram (DFD) composed of many tensors and operators. Existing toolkits for visualizing computational graphs are not applicable when the structure is highly…

Human-Computer Interaction · Computer Science 2023-01-02 Rusheng Pan , Zhiyong Wang , Yating Wei , Han Gao , Gongchang Ou , Caleb Chen Cao , Jingli Xu , Tong Xu , Wei Chen

The memristance of a memristor depends on the amount of charge flowing through it and when current stops flowing through it, it remembers the state. Thus, memristors are extremely suited for implementation of memory units. Memristors find…

Neural and Evolutionary Computing · Computer Science 2022-10-28 Udit Kumar Agarwal , Shikhar Makhija , Varun Tripathi , Kunwar Singh

Conventional integrated circuits (ICs) struggle to meet the escalating demands of artificial intelligence (AI). This has sparked a renewed interest in an unconventional computing paradigm: neuromorphic (brain-inspired) computing. However,…

There is a growing necessity for edge training to adapt to dynamically changing environment. Neuromorphic computing represents a significant pathway for high-efficiency intelligent computation in energy-constrained edges, but existing…

Neuromorphic computing aims to mimic both the function and structure of biological neural networks to provide artificial intelligence with extreme efficiency. Conventional approaches store synaptic weights in non-volatile memory devices…

Neural and Evolutionary Computing · Computer Science 2023-08-23 Peng Zhou , Alexander J. Edwards , Frederick B. Mancoff , Sanjeev Aggarwal , Stephen K. Heinrich-Barna , Joseph S. Friedman

Developing strong AI signifies the arrival of technological singularity, contributing greatly to advancing human civilization and resolving social issues. Neural networks (NNs) and deep learning, which utilize NNs, are expected to lead to…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-09-09 Kei Itoh