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Terrestrial planets form in a series of dynamical steps from the solid component of circumstellar disks. First, km-sized planetesimals form likely via a combination of sticky collisions, turbulent concentration of solids, and gravitational…

Astrophysics · Physics 2009-11-13 Sean N. Raymond

The terrestrial planets are believed to have formed by violent collisions of tens of lunar- to Mars-size protoplanets at time t<200 Myr after the protoplanetary gas disk dispersal (t_0). The solar system giant planets rapidly formed during…

Earth and Planetary Astrophysics · Physics 2021-01-13 David Nesvorny , Fernando V. Roig , Rogerio Deienno

Evidence of mutually inclined planetary orbits has been reported for giant planets these last years. Here we aim to study the impact of eccentric and inclined massive giant planets on the terrestrial planet formation process, and…

Earth and Planetary Astrophysics · Physics 2018-06-06 Sotiris Sotiriadis , Anne-Sophie Libert , Sean N. Raymond

Remnant planetesimals might have played an important role in reducing the orbital eccentricities of the terrestrial planets after their formation via giant impacts. However, the population and the size distribution of remnant planetesimals…

Astrophysics · Physics 2009-11-13 Ryuji Morishima , Max W. Schmidt , Joachim Stadel , Ben Moore

This paper reviews our current understanding of terrestrial planets formation. The focus is on computer simulations of the dynamical aspects of the accretion process. Throughout the chapter, we combine the results of these theoretical…

Earth and Planetary Astrophysics · Physics 2012-08-24 Alessandro Morbidelli , Jonathan I. Lunine , David P. O`brien , Sean N. Raymond , Kevin J. Walsh

The past decade has seen major progress in our understanding of terrestrial planet formation. Yet key questions remain. In this review we first address the growth of 100 km-scale planetesimals as a consequence of dust coagulation and…

Earth and Planetary Astrophysics · Physics 2018-12-05 Andre Izidoro , Sean N. Raymond

The solar system's dynamical state can be explained by an orbital instability among the giant planets. A recent model has proposed that the giant planet instability happened during terrestrial planet formation. This scenario has been shown…

Earth and Planetary Astrophysics · Physics 2019-01-09 Matthew S. Clement , Nathan A. Kaib , Sean N. Raymond , John E. Chambers , Kevin J. Walsh

We review the problem of the formation of terrestrial planets, with particular emphasis on the interaction of dynamical and geochemical models. The lifetime of gas around stars in the process of formation is limited to a few million years…

Earth and Planetary Astrophysics · Physics 2009-06-25 Jonathan I. Lunine , David P. O'Brien , Sean N. Raymond , Alessandro Morbidelli , Thomas Quinn , Amara Graps

Instabilities and strong dynamical interactions between multiple giant planets have been proposed as a possible explanation for the surprising orbital properties of extrasolar planetary systems. In particular, dynamical instabilities seem…

Astrophysics · Physics 2007-05-23 Eric B. Ford , Frederic A. Rasio , Kenneth Yu

Our understanding of the process of terrestrial planet formation has grown markedly over the past 20 years, yet key questions remain. This review begins by first addressing the critical, earliest stage of dust coagulation and concentration.…

Earth and Planetary Astrophysics · Physics 2024-11-07 Matthew S. Clement , Andre Izidoro , Sean N. Raymond , Rogerio Deienno

The large eccentricities of many giant extrasolar planets may represent the endpoint of gravitational scattering in initially more crowded systems. If so, the early evolution of the giant planets is likely to be more restrictive of…

Astrophysics · Physics 2009-11-11 Dimitri Veras , Philip J. Armitage

With n-body simulations, we model terrestrial circumbinary planet (CBP) formation with an initial surface density profile motivated by hydrodynamic circumbinary gas disc simulations. The binary plays an important role in shaping the initial…

Earth and Planetary Astrophysics · Physics 2021-09-01 Anna C. Childs , Rebecca G. Martin

Recent exoplanet surveys revealed that for solar-type stars, close-in Super-Earths are ubiquitous and many of them are in multi-planet systems. These systems are more compact than the Solar System's terrestrial planets. However, there have…

Earth and Planetary Astrophysics · Physics 2023-01-04 Haruka Hoshino , Eiichiro Kokubo

Continuing our study of the effects of secular resonances on the formation of terrestrial planets in moderately close binary stars, we present here the results of an extensive numerical simulations of the formation of these objects.…

Earth and Planetary Astrophysics · Physics 2025-07-29 Nader Haghighipour , Michael Andrews

Instabilities and strong dynamical interactions between several giant planets have been proposed as a possible explanation for the surprising orbital properties of extrasolar planetary systems. In particular, dynamical instabilities would…

Astrophysics · Physics 2007-05-23 Eric B. Ford , Marketa Havlickova , Frederic A. Rasio

To study the terrestrial-type planet formation during the post oligarchic growth, the initial distributions of planetary embryos and planetesimals used in N-body simulations play an important role. Most of these studies typically use ad hoc…

Earth and Planetary Astrophysics · Physics 2015-11-18 M. P. Ronco , G. C. de Elía , O. M. Guilera

The formation of the solar system's giant planets predated the ultimate epoch of massive impacts that concluded the process of terrestrial planet formation. Following their formation, the giant planets' orbits evolved through an episode of…

Earth and Planetary Astrophysics · Physics 2021-06-23 Matthew S. Clement , Nathan A. Kaib , Sean N. Raymond , John E. Chambers

Many features of the outer solar system are replicated in numerical simulations if the giant planets undergo an orbital instability that ejects one or more ice giants. During this instability, Jupiter and Saturn's orbits diverge, crossing…

Earth and Planetary Astrophysics · Physics 2015-12-09 Nathan A. Kaib , John E. Chambers

The process leading to the formation of the terrestrial planet remains elusive. In a previous publication, we have shown that, if the first generation of planetesimals forms in a ring at about 1 AU and the gas disk's density peaks at the…

Earth and Planetary Astrophysics · Physics 2024-04-29 J. M. Y. Woo , D. Nesvorny , J. Scora , A. Morbidelli

We present models for the formation of terrestrial planets, and the collisional evolution of debris disks, in planetary systems that contain multiple unstable gas giants. We previously showed that the dynamics of the giant planets…

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