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The notion of entropy is ubiquitous both in natural and social sciences. In the last two decades, a considerable effort has been devoted to the study of new entropic forms, which generalize the standard Boltzmann-Gibbs (BG) entropy and are…

Mathematical Physics · Physics 2015-10-15 Piergiulio Tempesta

The requirement that an entropy function be composable is key: it means that the entropy of a compound system can be calculated in terms of the entropy of its independent components. We prove that, under mild regularity assumptions, the…

Mathematical Physics · Physics 2018-01-17 Alberto Enciso , Piergiulio Tempesta

The entropy of Boltzmann-Gibbs, as proved by Shannon and Khinchin, is based on four axioms, where the fourth one concerns additivity. The group theoretic entropies make use of formal group theory to replace this axiom with a more general…

Statistical Mechanics · Physics 2018-11-14 Henrik Jeldtoft Jensen , Piergiulio Tempesta

Shannon and Khinchin showed that assuming four information theoretic axioms the entropy must be of Boltzmann-Gibbs type, $S=-\sum_i p_i \log p_i$. Here we note that in physical systems one of these axioms may be violated. For non-ergodic…

Statistical Mechanics · Physics 2015-03-19 Stefan Thurner , Rudolf Hanel

We propose a unifying picture where the notion of generalized entropy is related to information theory by means of a group-theoretical approach. The group structure comes from the requirement that an entropy be well defined with respect to…

Statistical Mechanics · Physics 2016-04-13 Gabriele Sicuro , Piergiulio Tempesta

The aim of the present paper is to present a careful and accessible discussion of the formal aspects of Boltzmann-Gibbs and Tsallis entropies. We begin with a brief overview of Boltzmann-Gibbs entropy, highlighting its main properties and…

Statistical Mechanics · Physics 2025-10-23 Kelvin dos Santos Alves , Rogerio Teixeira Cavalcanti

The notion of group entropy is proposed. It enables to unify and generalize many different definitions of entropy known in the literature, as those of Boltzmann-Gibbs, Tsallis, Abe and Kaniadakis. Other new entropic functionals are…

Statistical Mechanics · Physics 2015-05-28 Piergiulio Tempesta

Many complex systems are characterized by non-Boltzmann distribution functions of their statistical variables. If one wants to -- justified or not -- hold on to the maximum entropy principle for complex statistical systems (non-Boltzmann)…

Statistical Mechanics · Physics 2009-11-13 Stefan Thurner , Rudolf Hanel

For certain groups, parabolic subgroups appear as stabilizers of flags of sets or vector spaces. Quotients by these parabolic subgroups represent orbits of flags, and their cardinalities asymptotically reveal entropies (as rates of…

Information Theory · Computer Science 2025-12-03 Ryan Leal , Jingtong Sun , Juan Pablo Vigneaux

To characterize strongly interacting statistical systems within a thermodynamical framework - complex systems in particular - it might be necessary to introduce generalized entropies, $S_g$. A series of such entropies have been proposed in…

Classical Physics · Physics 2010-07-05 Rudolf Hanel , Stefan Thurner

A multi-parametric version of the nonadditive entropy $S_{q}$ is introduced. This new entropic form, denoted by $S_{a,b,r}$, possesses many interesting statistical properties, and it reduces to the entropy $S_q$ for $b=0$, $a=r:=1-q$ (hence…

Statistical Mechanics · Physics 2016-02-17 Evaldo M. F. Curado , Piergiulio Tempesta , Constantino Tsallis

We define the class of multivariate group entropies as a novel set of information - theoretical measures, which extends significantly the family of group entropies. We propose new examples related to the "super-exponential" universality…

Mathematical Physics · Physics 2020-12-03 Piergiulio Tempesta

Entropies are fundamental measures of uncertainty with central importance in information theory and statistics and applications across all the quantitative sciences. Under a natural set of operational axioms, the most general form of…

Information Theory · Computer Science 2026-02-02 Roberto Rubboli , Erkka Haapasalo , Marco Tomamichel

Generalized entropies are studied as Lyapunov functions for the Master equation (Markov chains). Three basic properties of these Lyapunov functions are taken into consideration: universality (independence of the kinetic coefficients),…

Statistical Mechanics · Physics 2007-05-23 Pavel Gorban

We examine the {combinatorial} or {probabilistic} definition ("Boltzmann's principle") of the entropy or cross-entropy function $H \propto \ln \mathbb{W}$ or $D \propto - \ln \mathbb{P}$, where $\mathbb{W}$ is the statistical weight and…

Statistical Mechanics · Physics 2015-05-13 Robert K. Niven

We propose a new way of defining entropy of a system, which gives a general form which may be nonextensive as Tsallis entropy, but is linearly dependent on component entropies, like Renyi entropy, which is extensive. This entropy has a…

Adaptation and Self-Organizing Systems · Physics 2007-10-11 Fariel Shafee

Conventional Boltzmann--Gibbs statistical mechanics successfully describes systems with weak to moderate correlations, where the number of accessible configurations $W(N)$ grows exponentially with the number of degrees of freedom~$N$.…

Statistical Mechanics · Physics 2026-03-05 Henrik Jeldtoft Jensen , Petr Jizba , Piergiulio Tempesta

For statistical systems that violate one of the four Shannon-Khinchin axioms, entropy takes a more general form than the Boltzmann-Gibbs entropy. The framework of superstatistics allows one to formulate a maximum entropy principle with…

Classical Physics · Physics 2012-11-13 Rudolf Hanel , Stefan Thurner , Murray Gell-Mann

Shannon entropy, a cornerstone of information theory, statistical physics and inference methods, is uniquely identified by the Shannon-Khinchin or Shore-Johnson axioms. Generalizations of Shannon entropy, motivated by the study of…

Data Analysis, Statistics and Probability · Physics 2026-04-20 Andrea Somazzi , Diego Garlaschelli

We prove a proposition that the entropy of the system composed of finite $N$ molecules of ideal gas is the $q$-entropy or Havrda-Charv\'at-Tsallis entropy, which is also known as Tsallis entropy, with the entropic index…

Statistical Mechanics · Physics 2020-11-10 Jae Wan Shim
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