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A quantum many-body model is presented with features similar to those of certain particle detectors. The energy spectrum contains a single metastable 'ready'-state and macroscopically-distinct 'pointer' states. Measurements do not pose…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2007-05-23 R. Merlin

Two categories of results regarding quantum measurements are derived in this work and applied to the problem of collapse. The first category is concerned with local and transient features of the entanglement between a macroscopic measuring…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2016-03-01 Roland Omnès

A large number of physicists now admit that quantum mechanics is a non local theory. The EPR argument and the many experiments (including recent loop-hole free tests) showing the violation of Bell's inequalities seem to have confirmed…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2019-11-13 Hervé Zwirn

I review arguments demonstrating how the concept of "particle" numbers arises in the form of equidistant energy eigenvalues of coupled harmonic oscillators representing free fields. Their quantum numbers (numbers of nodes of the wave…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2010-11-04 H. D. Zeh

We investigate the dynamics of a particle in a confined periodic system---a time-dependent oscillator confined by infinitely high and moving walls---and focus on the evolution of the phase of the wavefunction. It is shown that, for some…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2020-11-03 Mordecai Waegell , Alex Matzkin

Two hallmarks of quantum non-demolition (QND) measurement are the ensemble-level conservation of the expectation value of the measured observable $A$ and the eventual, inevitable collapse of the system into some eigenstate of $A$. This…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2025-05-07 Carter Swift , Nandini Trivedi

We assume that particles are point-like objects even when not observed. We report on the consequences of our assumption within the realm of quantum theory. An important consequence is the necessity of vacuum fields to account for particle…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2010-10-27 Eduardo V. Flores

It is shown that the wave function describes the state of the statistical ensemble E[S] of individual particles, or the statistical average particle <S>. This result follows from the fact that in the classical limit h=0 the Schroedinger…

General Physics · Physics 2007-05-23 Yuri A. Rylov

The Schroedinger equation with the nonlinear term is derived by the natural generalization of the hydrodynamical model of quantum mechanics. The nonlinear term appears to be logically necessary because it enables explanation of the…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2007-05-23 Miroslav Pardy

We propose a hidden variable analysis of collapse dynamics in which the state's reduction process may take a finite time $\delta t$. A full characterization of the model is given for the case of black boxes. By introducing nonlocal perfect…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2018-09-05 M. G. M. Moreno , Alejandro Fonseca , Márcio M. Cunha

An effective operational approach to quantum mechanics is to focus on the evolution of wave-packets, for which the wave-function can be seen in the semi-classical regime as representing a classical motion dressed with extra degrees of…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2023-08-23 Etera R. Livine

There are fundamental reasons as to why there should exist a reformulation of quantum mechanics which does not refer to a classical spacetime manifold. It follows as a consequence that quantum mechanics as we know it is a limiting case of a…

General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology · Physics 2008-11-26 T. P. Singh

We investigate the meaning of the wave function by analyzing the mass and charge density distributions of a quantum system. According to protective measurement, a charged quantum system has mass and charge density distributing in space,…

General Physics · Physics 2011-07-19 Shan Gao

The study of nonlinear waves that collapse in finite time is a theme of universal interest, e.g. within optical, atomic, plasma physics, and nonlinear dynamics. Here we revisit the quintessential example of the nonlinear Schrodinger…

Pattern Formation and Solitons · Physics 2021-10-13 S. J. Chapman , M. E. Kavousanakis , I. G. Kevrekidis , P. G. Kevrekidis

The standard quantum mechanics assumes Schr\"odinger equation for regular evolution and wave function collapse for measurement. As shown in this paper, only particular collapse equation can continuously transition to Schr\"odinge equation.…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2014-02-25 Shizhong Mei

In quantum theory particles are represented as wave packets. Shock wave analysis of quantum equations of motion shows that wave function representation in general and wave packet description in particular contains discontinuities due to a…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2017-03-17 Babur M. Mirza

Because quantum measurements have probabilistic outcomes they can seem to violate conservation laws in individual experiments. Despite these appearances, strict conservation of momentum, orbital angular momentum, and energy can be shown to…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2020-04-17 Edward J. Gillis

Assuming that Quantum Mechanics is universal and that it can be applied over all scales, then the Universe is allowed to be in a quantum superposition of states, where each of them can correspond to a different space-time geometry. How can…

General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology · Physics 2024-02-27 José Luis Gaona-Reyes , Lucía Menéndez-Pidal , Mir Faizal , Matteo Carlesso

An alternative representation of the kernel of the evolution operator in quantum electrodynamics is obtained in the form of a functional integral, in which the gauge momentum corresponding to the Gaussian constraint is excluded from the…

High Energy Physics - Theory · Physics 2020-10-21 Natalia Gorobey , Alexander Lukyanenko , A. V. Goltsev

Modified versions of the Schr\"{o}dinger equation have been proposed in order to incorporate the description of measurement processes into the mathematical structure of quantum theory. Typically, these proposals introduce new physical…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2022-12-02 Edward J. Gillis