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Chain-of-thought explanations are widely used to inspect the decision process of large language models (LLMs) and to evaluate the trustworthiness of model outputs, making them important for effective collaboration between LLMs and humans.…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-07-16 Pedro Ferreira , Wilker Aziz , Ivan Titov

Click-fraud is commonly seen as a key vulnerability of pro-rata revenue sharing rule on music streaming platforms, whereas user-centric is largely immune. This paper develops a tractable non-cooperative model in which artists can purchase…

Theoretical Economics · Economics 2026-04-23 Hao Yu

Reputation systems aim to reduce the risk of loss due to untrustworthy participants. This loss is aggravated by dishonest advisors trying to pollute the e-market environment for their self-interest. A major task of a reputation system is to…

Social and Information Networks · Computer Science 2012-01-19 Vibha Gaur , Neeraj Kumar Sharma , Punam Bedi

Reinforcement Learning from Verifiable Rewards (RLVR) has improved language models in domains such as mathematics and code, where correctness can be checked automatically. However, many important tasks are only partially verifiable: prompts…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-05-28 Saurabh Dash , Pierre Clavier , John Dang , Matthias Galle , Marzieh Fadaee , Ahmet Üstün , Beyza Ermis

We present ChatR1, a reasoning framework based on reinforcement learning (RL) for conversational question answering (CQA). Reasoning plays an important role in CQA, where user intent evolves across dialogue turns, and utterances are often…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-04-28 Simon Lupart , Mohammad Aliannejadi , Evangelos Kanoulas

Evaluation of QA systems is very challenging and expensive, with the most reliable approach being human annotations of correctness of answers for questions. Recent works (AVA, BEM) have shown that transformer LM encoder based similarity…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2023-09-22 Matteo Gabburo , Siddhant Garg , Rik Koncel Kedziorski , Alessandro Moschitti

Today's online platforms heavily lean on algorithmic recommendations for bolstering user engagement and driving revenue. However, these recommendations can impact multiple stakeholders simultaneously -- the platform, items (sellers), and…

Information Retrieval · Computer Science 2024-05-28 Qinyi Chen , Jason Cheuk Nam Liang , Negin Golrezaei , Djallel Bouneffouf

Users of music streaming, video streaming, news recommendation, and e-commerce services often engage with content in a sequential manner. Providing and evaluating good sequences of recommendations is therefore a central problem for these…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2020-08-25 James McInerney , Brian Brost , Praveen Chandar , Rishabh Mehrotra , Ben Carterette

The sequential nature of decision-making in financial asset trading aligns naturally with the reinforcement learning (RL) framework, making RL a common approach in this domain. However, the low signal-to-noise ratio in financial markets…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-11-14 Sven Goluža , Tomislav Kovačević , Stjepan Begušić , Zvonko Kostanjčar

Crowdsourcing is an effective method to collect data by employing distributed human population. Researchers introduce appropriate reward mechanisms to incentivize agents to report accurately. In particular, this paper focuses on Peer-Based…

Computer Science and Game Theory · Computer Science 2021-12-23 Samhita Kanaparthy , Sankarshan Damle , Sujit Gujar

Reasoning in knowledge-intensive domains remains challenging as intermediate steps are often not locally verifiable: unlike math or code, evaluating step correctness may require synthesizing clues across large external knowledge sources. As…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2026-04-13 Jiwoong Sohn , Tomasz Sternal , Kenneth Styppa , Torsten Hoefler , Michael Moor

We study a sequential mechanism design problem in which a principal seeks to elicit truthful reports from multiple rational agents while starting with no prior knowledge of agents' beliefs. We introduce Distributionally Robust Adaptive…

Computer Science and Game Theory · Computer Science 2026-04-22 Qiushi Han , David Simchi-Levi , Renfei Tan , Zishuo Zhao

Peer prediction mechanisms incentivize agents to truthfully report their signals even in the absence of verification by comparing agents' reports with those of their peers. In the detail-free multi-task setting, agents respond to multiple…

Computer Science and Game Theory · Computer Science 2021-08-27 Grant Schoenebeck , Fang-Yi Yu

Peer prediction mechanisms are often adopted to elicit truthful contributions from crowd workers when no ground-truth verification is available. Recently, mechanisms of this type have been developed to incentivize effort exertion, in…

Computer Science and Game Theory · Computer Science 2016-12-05 Yang Liu , Yiling Chen

The average-reward formulation of reinforcement learning (RL) has drawn increased interest in recent years for its ability to solve temporally-extended problems without relying on discounting. Meanwhile, in the discounted setting,…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-08-06 Jacob Adamczyk , Volodymyr Makarenko , Stas Tiomkin , Rahul V. Kulkarni

Large Language Models (LLMs) have demonstrated potential in automating scientific ideation, yet current approaches relying on iterative prompting or complex multi-agent architectures often suffer from hallucination or computational…

Sponsored search auctions constitute one of the most successful applications of microeconomic mechanisms. In mechanism design, auctions are usually designed to incentivize advertisers to bid their truthful valuations and to assure both the…

Computer Science and Game Theory · Computer Science 2014-05-13 Nicola Gatti , Alessandro Lazaric , Marco Rocco , Francesco Trovò

The principle of rewarding a crowd for surprisingly common answers has been used in the literature for designing a number of truthful information elicitation mechanisms. A related method has also been proposed in the literature for better…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-01-28 Naman Goel

Marketplace companies rely heavily on experimentation when making changes to the design or operation of their platforms. The workhorse of experimentation is the randomized controlled trial (RCT), or A/B test, in which users are randomly…

Optimization and Control · Mathematics 2024-03-15 Ido Bright , Arthur Delarue , Ilan Lobel

Offline reinforcement learning (RL) has emerged as a prevalent and effective methodology for real-world recommender systems, enabling learning policies from historical data and capturing user preferences. In offline RL, reward shaping…

Information Retrieval · Computer Science 2025-07-01 Wenzheng Shu , Yanxiang Zeng , Yongxiang Tang , Teng Sha , Ning Luo , Yanhua Cheng , Xialong Liu , Fan Zhou , Peng Jiang