Related papers: To HTTP/2, or Not To HTTP/2, That Is The Question

HTTP/2 supersedes HTTP/1.1 to tackle the performance challenges of the modern Web. A highly anticipated feature is Server Push, enabling servers to send data without explicit client requests, thus potentially saving time. Although…

With the advent of cloud computing and the Internet, the commercialized website becomes capable of providing more web services, such as software as a service (SaaS) or function as a service (FaaS), for great user experiences. Undoubtedly,…

The third version of the Hypertext Transfer Protocol (HTTP) is currently in its final standardization phase by the IETF. Besides better security and increased flexibility, it promises benefits in terms of performance. HTTP/3 adopts a more…

Modern web pages have complex structures comprised of up to hundreds of different resources, such as scripts and images. Server push is an HTTP/2 feature enabling servers to preemptively send resources to clients before they realize they…

With the popularity of mobile devices, such as smartphones, tablets, users prefer visiting Web pages on mobile devices. Meanwhile, HTTP(S) plays as the major protocol to deliver Web contents, and has served the Web well for more than 15…

Over the last 30 years, the World Wide Web has changed significantly. In this paper, we argue that common practices to prepare web pages for delivery conflict with many efforts to present content with minimal latency, one fundamental goal…

The use of secure connections using HTTPS as the default means, or even the only means, to connect to web servers is increasing. It is being pushed from both sides: from the bottom up by client distributions and plugins, and from the top…

HTTP is a successful Internet technology on top of which a lot of the web resides. However, limitations with its current specification, i.e. HTTP/1.1, have encouraged some to look for the next generation of HTTP. In SPDY, Google has come up…

HTTP/2 and HTTP/3 avoid concurrent connections but instead multiplex requests over a single connection. Besides enabling new features, this reduces overhead and enables fair bandwidth sharing. Redundant connections should hence be a story…

Following QUIC protocol ratification on May 2021, the third major version of the Hypertext Transfer Protocol, namely HTTP/3, was published around one year later in RFC 9114. In light of these consequential advancements, the current work…

HTTPS is quickly rising alongside the need of Internet users to benefit from security and privacy when accessing the Web, and it becomes the predominant application protocol on the Internet. This migration towards a secure Web using HTTPS…

HTTP/2 (h2) is a new standard for Web communications that already delivers a large share of Web traffic. Unlike HTTP/1, h2 uses only one underlying TCP connection. In a cellular network with high loss and sudden spikes in latency, which the…

Revelations of large scale electronic surveillance and data mining by governments and corporations have fueled increased adoption of HTTPS. We present a traffic analysis attack against over 6000 webpages spanning the HTTPS deployments of 10…

QUIC, as the foundation for HTTP/3, is becoming an Internet reality. A plethora of studies already show that QUIC excels beyond TCP+TLS+HTTP/2. Yet, these studies compare a highly optimized QUIC Web stack against an unoptimized TCP-based…

HTTP is frequently used by smartphones and IoT devices to access information and Web services. Nowadays, HTTP is used in three major versions, each introducing significant changes with respect to the previous one. We evaluated the energy…

Several encryption proposals for DNS have been presented since 2016, but their adoption was not comprehensively studied yet. This research measured the current adoption of DoH (DNS over HTTPS), DoT (DNS over TLS), and DoQ (DNS over QUIC)…

Google's QUIC (GQUIC) is an emerging transport protocol designed to reduce HTTP latency. Deployed across its platforms and positioned as an alternative to TCP+TLS, GQUIC is feature rich: offering reliable data transmission and secure…

Over the years, with the advancement of technology, Web technology has many improvements. In the early days, the web was one-way communication, and only the customer was able to see the content of the site and could not enter information.…

HTTP/2 video streaming has caught a lot of attentions in the development of multimedia technologies over the last few years. In HTTP/2, the server push mechanism allows the server to deliver more video segments to the client within a single…

Hypertext Transfer Protocol Secure (HTTPS) protocol has become an integral part of modern Internet technology. Currently, it is the primary protocol for commercialized web applications. It can provide a fast, secure connection with a…