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The rapid succession of discovery of short--duration hard--spectrum GRBs has led to unprecedented insights into the energetics of the explosion and nature of the progenitors. Yet short of the detection of a smoking gun, like a burst of…

Short-duration Gamma-ray bursts (GRBs) (\leq 2{\rm s}) have remained a mystery due to the lack of afterglow detection until recently. The models to interpret short GRBs invoke distinct progenitor scenarios. Here we present a generic…

Astrophysics · Physics 2009-11-10 Y. Z. Fan , Bing Zhang , Shiho Kobayashi , Peter Meszaros

Long-duration gamma-ray bursts(LGRBs) are believed to be linked with the star formation. We adopt a galactic evolution model, in which the star formation process inside the virialized dark halo at given redshift can be achieved. In this…

High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena · Physics 2015-05-18 J. Mao

We review our current understanding of the progenitors of both long and short duration gamma-ray bursts (GRBs). Constraints can be derived from multiple directions, and we use three distinct strands; i) direct observations of GRBs and their…

High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena · Physics 2016-12-07 Andrew Levan , Paul Crowther , Richard de Grijs , Norbert Langer , Dong Xu , Sung-Chul Yoon

The unrivalled, extreme luminosities of gamma-ray bursts (GRBs) make them the favored beacons for sampling the high redshift Universe. To employ GRBs to study the cosmic terrain -- e.g., star and galaxy formation history -- GRB luminosities…

Astrophysics · Physics 2007-05-23 J. P. Norris

We present the results of a comprehensive study of the luminosity function, energetics, prompt gamma-ray correlations, and classification methodology of short-hard and long-soft GRBs (SGRBs and LGRBs), based on observational data in the…

High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena · Physics 2015-08-06 Amir Shahmoradi , Robert J. Nemiroff

The optical and X-ray light-curves of long Gamma Ray Bursts (GRBs) often show a complex evolution and in most cases do not track each other. This behaviour can not be easily explained by the simplest standard afterglow models. A possible…

High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena · Physics 2015-05-13 M. Nardini , G. Ghisellini , G. Ghirlanda , A. Celotti

We present a population of 11 of the faintest ($> 25.5$ AB mag) short gamma-ray burst (GRB) host galaxies. We model their sparse available observations using the stellar population inference code Prospector-$\beta$ and develop a novel…

Astrophysics of Galaxies · Physics 2023-10-20 Anya E. Nugent , Wen-fai Fong , Cristian Castrejon , Joel Leja , Michael Zevin , Alexander P. Ji

The present common view about GRB origin is related to cosmology, what is based on statistical analysis, and on measurements of the redshifts in the GRB optical afterglows of long GRB. Models of radiation, and models of the central machine…

Astrophysics · Physics 2008-11-26 G. S. Bisnovatyi-Kogan

Short duration gamma-ray bursts (SGRBs) are thought to be related to the violent merger of compact objects, such as neutron stars or black holes, which makes them promising sources of gravitational waves. The detection of a 'kilonova'-like…

Long gamma-ray bursts (GRBs) are considered to be originated from core collapse of massive stars. It is believed that the afterglow property is determined by the density of the material in the surrounding interstellar medium. Therefore, the…

High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena · Physics 2022-02-02 Xiao Tian , Ying Qin , Mei Du , Shuang-Xi Yi , Yan-Ke Tang

We investigate the properties of both the prompt and X-ray afterglows of gamma-ray bursts (GRBs) in the burst frame with a sample of 33 Swift GRBs. Assuming that the steep decay segment in the canonical X-ray afterglow lightcurves is due to…

High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena · Physics 2015-05-14 Xiao-Hong Cui , En-Wei Liang , Hou-Jun Lv , Bin-Bin Zhang , Ren-Xin Xu

Short gamma-ray bursts (GRBs) are explosive transients caused by binary mergers of compact objects containing at least one neutron star. Multi-wavelength afterglow observations provide constraints on the physical parameters of the jet, its…

Nearly 20% of short gamma-ray bursts (sGRBs) have no observed host galaxies. Combining this finding with constraints on galaxies' dark matter halo potential wells gives strong limits on the natal kick velocity distribution for sGRB…

Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics · Physics 2014-08-26 Peter S. Behroozi , Enrico Ramirez-Ruiz , Christopher L. Fryer

Short gamma-ray bursts (SGRBs) observed by {\it Swift} are potentially revealing the first insight into cataclysmic compact object mergers. To ultimately acquire a fundamental understanding of these events requires pan-spectral observations…

Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics · Physics 2015-06-04 David Coward , Eric Howell , Tsvi Piran , Giulia Stratta , Marica Branchesi , Omer Bromberg , Bruce Gendre , Ronald Burman , Dafne Guetta

Short-hard and long-soft gamma-ray bursts (GRBs) are two distinct phenomena, but their prompt and afterglow emission show many similarities. This suggests that two different progenitor systems lead to similar physical processes and that the…

Astrophysics · Physics 2008-11-26 Ehud Nakar

Gamma Ray Bursts (GRBs) are bright, brief flashes of high energy photons that have fascinated scientists for 30 years. They come in two classes: long (>2 s), softspectrum bursts and short, hard events. The major progress to date on…

Astrophysics · Physics 2010-03-19 N. Gehrels

In this work we present the first results of our imaging campaign at Keck Observatory to identify the host galaxies of "dark" gamma-ray bursts (GRBs), events with no detected optical afterglow or with detected optical flux significantly…

Two types of Gamma-ray bursts (GRBs) are observed: short duration hard spectrum GRBs and long duration soft spectrum GRBs. For many years long GRBs were the focus of intense research while the lack of observational data limited the study of…

Astrophysics · Physics 2010-04-06 Ehud Nakar

The association of long gamma-ray bursts (GRBs) with star forming regions and the idea of massive stars as progenitors of GRBs are widely accepted. Because of their short lifetimes, it is very likely that massive stars are still embedded in…

Astrophysics · Physics 2009-11-10 P. H. Tam , C. S. J. Pun , Y. F. Huang , K. S. Cheng