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Data assimilation (DA) is a key component of many forecasting models in science and engineering. DA allows one to estimate better initial conditions using an imperfect dynamical model of the system and noisy/sparse observations available…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-02-01 Ashesh Chattopadhyay , Ebrahim Nabizadeh , Eviatar Bach , Pedram Hassanzadeh

The sample covariance matrix of a random vector is a good estimate of the true covariance matrix if the sample size is much larger than the length of the vector. In high-dimensional problems, this condition is never met. As a result, in…

Data Analysis, Statistics and Probability · Physics 2024-11-12 Michael Tsyrulnikov , Arseniy Sotskiy

We address the problem of observation noise misspecification in Bayesian filtering of dynamical systems via recent advances in generalised Bayesian inference. Mis-match in tail decay between the true data generating process and an assumed…

Statistics Theory · Mathematics 2026-05-27 Hans Reimann , Sebastian Reich

We study the ensemble Kalman filter (EnKF) algorithm for sequential data assimilation in a general situation, that is, for nonlinear forecast and measurement models with non-additive and non-Gaussian noises. Such applications traditionally…

Methodology · Statistics 2018-08-17 Weixuan Li , W. Steven Rosenthal , Guang Lin

Although data assimilation originates from control theory, the relationship between modern data assimilation methods in geoscience and model predictive control has not been extensively explored. In the present paper, I discuss that the…

Geophysics · Physics 2024-10-21 Yohei Sawada

Ensemble Kalman Inversion (EnKI) and Ensemble Square Root Filter (EnSRF) are popular sampling methods for obtaining a target posterior distribution. They can be seem as one step (the analysis step) in the data assimilation method Ensemble…

Numerical Analysis · Mathematics 2025-03-07 Zhiyan Ding , Qin Li , Jianfeng Lu

Ensemble-based data assimilation (DA) methods have become increasingly popular due to their inherent ability to address nonlinear dynamic problems. However, these methods often face a trade-off between analysis accuracy and computational…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-05-26 Zhilin Li , Zhou Yao , Xianglong Li , Zeng Liu , Zhaokuan Lu , Shanlin Xu , Seungnam Kim , Guangyao Wang

The Ensemble Kalman Filter (EnKF) is a widely used method for data assimilation in high-dimensional systems, with an ensemble update step equivalent to an empirical version of the Matheron update popular in Gaussian process regression -- a…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-09-19 Dan MacKinlay

The Ensemble Kalman filter and Ensemble square root filters are data assimilation methods used to combine high dimensional nonlinear models with observed data. These methods have proved to be indispensable tools in science and engineering…

Probability · Mathematics 2015-07-31 Xin T Tong , Andrew J Majda , David Kelly

Accurate estimation of the dynamic states of a synchronous machine (e.g., rotor s angle and speed) is essential in monitoring and controlling transient stability of a power system. It is well known that the covariance matrixes of process…

Systems and Control · Computer Science 2017-02-06 Shahrokh Akhlaghi , Ning Zhou , Zhenyu Huang

Through ensemble-based data assimilation (DA), we address one of the most notorious difficulties in phase-resolved ocean wave forecast, regarding the deviation of numerical solution from the true surface elevation due to the chaotic nature…

Atmospheric and Oceanic Physics · Physics 2021-07-01 Guangyao Wang , Yulin Pan

Ensemble data assimilation methods such as the Ensemble Kalman Filter (EnKF) are a key component of probabilistic weather forecasting. They represent the uncertainty in the initial conditions by an ensemble which incorporates information…

Applications · Statistics 2018-10-17 Sylvain Robert , Daniel Leuenberger , Hans R. Künsch

Ensemble filters implement sequential Bayesian estimation by representing the probability distribution by an ensemble mean and covariance. Unbiased square root ensemble filters use deterministic algorithms to produce an analysis (posterior)…

Statistics Theory · Mathematics 2015-01-13 Evan Kwiatkowski , Jan Mandel

Ensemble Kalman filter (EnKF) has been widely used in state estimation and parameter estimation for the dynamic system where observational data is obtained sequentially in time. To reduce uncertainty and accelerate posterior inference, a…

Numerical Analysis · Mathematics 2018-11-14 Yuming Ba , Lijian Jiang , Na Ou

Parameter estimation has a high importance in the geosciences. The ensemble Kalman filter (EnKF) allows parameter estimation for large, time-dependent systems. For large systems, the EnKF is applied using small ensembles, which may lead to…

Applications · Statistics 2021-08-05 Johannes Keller , Harrie-Jan Hendricks Franssen , Wolfgang Nowak

In this paper, we propose and develop a methodology for nonlinear systems health monitoring by modeling the damage and degradation mechanism dynamics as "slow" states that are augmented with the system "fast" dynamical states. This…

Systems and Control · Computer Science 2017-10-17 Najmeh Daroogheh , Nader Meskin , Khashayar Khorasani

We present a practical implementation of the ensemble Kalman (EnKF) filter based on an iterative Sherman-Morrison formula. The new direct method exploits the special structure of the ensemble-estimated error covariance matrices in order to…

Numerical Analysis · Computer Science 2015-02-03 Elias D. Nino-Ruiz , Adrian Sandu , Jeffrey Anderson

Many applications, such as intermittent data assimilation, lead to a recursive application of Bayesian inference within a Monte Carlo context. Popular data assimilation algorithms include sequential Monte Carlo methods and ensemble Kalman…

Numerical Analysis · Mathematics 2013-01-15 Sebastian Reich

Data assimilation (DA) integrates numerical model forecasts with observations to achieve the optimal state estimation. Ensemble-based methods, such as the ensemble Kalman filter (EnKF), are widely used for state estimation for…

Atmospheric and Oceanic Physics · Physics 2026-05-25 Zhou Yao , Zhilin Li , Li Zhao , Zeng Liu , Zhaokuan Lu , Seungnam Kim , Guangyao Wang

Covariance inflation and localization are two important techniques that are used to improve the performance of the ensemble Kalman filter (EnKF) by (in effect) adjusting the sample covariances of the estimates in the state space. In this…

Atmospheric and Oceanic Physics · Physics 2012-10-05 Xiaodong Luo , Ibrahim Hoteit