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The parameter $\sigma(G)$ of a graph $G$ stands for the number of Laplacian eigenvalues greater than or equal to the average degree of $G$. In this work, we address the problem of characterizing those graphs $G$ having $\sigma(G)=1$. Our…

One of the main questions in the theory of normal surface singularities is to understand the relations between their geometry and topology. The lattice cohomology is an important tool in the study of topological properties of a plumbed…

Geometric Topology · Mathematics 2013-10-15 Tamás László

By introducing various topologies on the homotopy groups of a topological space, some researchers make these well known notions in algebraic topology more useful and powerful. In this paper, first we recall and review some known topologies…

Algebraic Topology · Mathematics 2026-02-25 Naghme Shahami , Behrooz Mashayekhy

In this paper, first we show that under the assumption of the center of h being zero, diagonal non-abelian extensions of a regular Hom-Lie algebra g by a regular Hom-Lie algebra h are in one-to-one correspondence with Hom-Lie algebra…

Rings and Algebras · Mathematics 2021-03-16 Lina Song , Rong Tang

We study dismantlability in graphs. In order to compare this notion to similar operations in posets (partially ordered sets) or in simplicial complexes, we prove that a graph G dismants on a subgraph H if and only if H is a strong…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2010-10-12 Etienne Fieux , Jacqueline Lacaze

Persistent homology is a mathematical tool used for studying the shape of data by extracting its topological features. It has gained popularity in network science due to its applicability in various network mining problems, including…

Algebraic Topology · Mathematics 2023-06-21 Mehmet Emin Aktas , Thu Nguyen , Rakin Riza , Muhammad Ifte Islam , Esra Akbas

This paper further investigates \emph{Laplacian simplices}. A construction by Braun and the first author associates to a simple connected graph $G$ a simplex $\cP_G$ whose vertices are the rows of the Laplacian matrix of $G$. In this paper…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2018-09-11 Marie Meyer , Tefjol Pllaha

These notes concern aspects of various graphs whose vertex set is a group $G$ and whose edges reflect group structure in some way (so that they are invariant under the action of the automorphism group of $G$). The graphs I will discuss are…

Group Theory · Mathematics 2021-03-29 Peter J. Cameron

We extend the notion of graph homomorphism to cellularly embedded graphs (maps) by designing operations on vertices and edges that respect the surface topology; we thus obtain the first definition of map homomorphism that preserves both the…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2023-05-08 Delia Garijo , Andrew Goodall , Lluís Vena

We raise some questions about graph polynomials, highlighting concepts and phenomena that may merit consideration in the development of a general theory. Our questions are mainly of three types: When do graph polynomials have reduction…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2024-06-25 Graham Farr , Kerri Morgan

The purpose of this paper is to extend the cohomology and conformal derivation theories of the classical Lie conformal algebras to Hom-Lie conformal algebras. In this paper, we develop cohomology theory of Hom-Lie conformal algebras and…

Rings and Algebras · Mathematics 2017-11-23 Jun Zhao , Lamei Yuan , Liangyun Chen

Persistent homology, a technique from computational topology, has recently shown strong empirical performance in the context of graph classification. Being able to capture long range graph properties via higher-order topological features,…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-12-20 Rubén Ballester , Bastian Rieck

Representation learning on graphs is a fundamental problem that can be crucial in various tasks. Graph neural networks, the dominant approach for graph representation learning, are limited in their representation power. Therefore, it can be…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-01-17 Zuoyu Yan , Qi Zhao , Ze Ye , Tengfei Ma , Liangcai Gao , Zhi Tang , Yusu Wang , Chao Chen

Higher-Order Hypergraph Learning (HOHL) was recently introduced as a principled alternative to classical hypergraph regularization, enforcing higher-order smoothness via powers of multiscale Laplacians induced by the hypergraph structure.…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-11-25 Adrien Weihs , Andrea L. Bertozzi , Matthew Thorpe

We establish explicit operator norm bounds and essential self-adjointness criteria for discrete Hodge Laplacians on weighted graphs and simplicial complexes. For unweighted $d$-regular graphs we prove the universal estimate…

Spectral Theory · Mathematics 2025-10-22 Marwa Ennaceur , Amel Jadlaoui

This is a survey article for the forthcoming `A Concise Encyclopedia of Knot Theory.' We focus on the topology of spatial graphs with few vertices and edges, paying particular attention to Brunnian $\theta$-graphs.

Geometric Topology · Mathematics 2019-02-06 Scott A. Taylor

There is a profound connection between copositive matrices and graph theory. Copositive matrices provide a powerful tool for formulating and solving various challenging graph-related problems. Conversely, graph theory provides a rich set of…

Optimization and Control · Mathematics 2024-10-11 O. I. Kostyukova , T. V. Tchemisova

Computation of homology or cohomology is intrinsically a problem of high combinatorial complexity. Recently we proposed a new efficient algorithm for computing cohomologies of Lie algebras and superalgebras. This algorithm is based on…

Numerical Analysis · Mathematics 2025-10-20 Vladimir V. Kornyak

We investigate a notion of $\times$-homotopy of graph maps that is based on the internal hom associated to the categorical product in the category of graphs. It is shown that graph $\times$-homotopy is characterized by the topological…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2008-07-07 Anton Dochtermann

Graph homomorphism has been an important research topic since its introduction [17]. Stated in the language of binary relational structures in that paper [17], Lov\'asz proved a fundamental theorem that, for a graph $H$ given by its $0$-$1$…

Discrete Mathematics · Computer Science 2021-02-25 Jin-Yi Cai , Artem Govorov