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Quantum Annealing (QA) can be used to quickly obtain near-optimal solutions for Quadratic Unconstrained Binary Optimization (QUBO) problems. In QA hardware, each decision variable of a QUBO should be mapped to one or more adjacent qubits in…

Data Structures and Algorithms · Computer Science 2021-01-21 Thiago Serra , Teng Huang , Arvind Raghunathan , David Bergman

The Minimum Bisection Problem is a well-known NP-hard problem in combinatorial optimization, with practical applications in areas such as parallel computing, network design, and machine learning. In this paper, we examine the potential of…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2025-09-24 Renáta Rusnáková , Martin Chovanec , Juraj Gazda

Quantum annealers, such as the device built by D-Wave Systems, Inc., offer a way to compute solutions of NP-hard problems that can be expressed in Ising or QUBO (quadratic unconstrained binary optimization) form. Although such solutions are…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2022-10-27 Aaron Barbosa , Elijah Pelofske , Georg Hahn , Hristo N. Djidjev

Current quantum annealing experiments often suffer from restrictions in connectivity in the sense that only certain qubits can be coupled to each other. The most common strategy to overcome connectivity restrictions so far is by combining…

Quantum Annealing (QA) is a quantum computing paradigm for solving combinatorial optimization problems formulated as Quadratic Unconstrained Binary Optimization (QUBO) problems. An essential step in QA is minor embedding, which maps the…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2026-03-03 Riccardo Nembrini , Maurizio Ferrari Dacrema , Paolo Cremonesi

Here we consider using quantum annealing to solve Set Cover with Pairs (SCP), an NP-hard combinatorial optimization problem that play an important role in networking, computational biology, and biochemistry. We show an explicit construction…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2016-08-31 Yudong Cao , Shuxian Jiang , Debbie Perouli , Sabre Kais

A significant challenge in quantum annealing is to map a real-world problem onto a hardware graph of limited connectivity. If the maximum degree of the problem graph exceeds the maximum degree of the hardware graph, one employs minor…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2019-05-10 Yan-Long Fang , P. A. Warburton

With the current progress of quantum computing, quantum annealing is being introduced as a powerful method to solve hard computational problems. In this paper, we study the potential capability of quantum annealing in solving the phase…

Image and Video Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2023-09-20 Mohammad Kashfi Haghighi , Nikitas Dimopoulos

Finding the ground state of the Ising spin-glass is an important and challenging problem (NP-hard, in fact) in condensed matter physics. However, its applications spread far beyond physic due to its deep relation to various combinatorial…

This paper presents an overview of the topology of D-Wave's next-generation quantum processors. It provides examples of minor embeddings and discusses performance of embedding algorithms for the new topology compared to the existing Chimera…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2020-03-03 Kelly Boothby , Paul Bunyk , Jack Raymond , Aidan Roy

We consider the problems of finding a maximum clique in a graph and finding a maximum-edge biclique in a bipartite graph. Both problems are NP-hard. We write both problems as matrix-rank minimization and then relax them using the nuclear…

Data Structures and Algorithms · Computer Science 2009-01-22 Brendan Ames , Stephen Vavasis

Quantum adiabatic evolution provides a general technique for the solution of combinatorial search problems on quantum computers. We present the results of a numerical study of a particular application of quantum adiabatic evolution, the…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2018-12-20 Andrew M. Childs , Edward Farhi , Jeffrey Goldstone , Sam Gutmann

Chordal decomposition techniques are used to reduce large structured positive semidefinite matrix constraints in semidefinite programs (SDPs). The resulting equivalent problem contains multiple smaller constraints on the nonzero blocks (or…

Optimization and Control · Mathematics 2020-09-10 Michael Garstka , Mark Cannon , Paul Goulart

Quantum annealers of D-Wave Systems, Inc., offer an efficient way to compute high quality solutions of NP-hard problems. This is done by mapping a problem onto the physical qubits of the quantum chip, from which a solution is obtained after…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2022-11-30 Elijah Pelofske , Georg Hahn , Hristo N. Djidjev

The maximum clique problem is a well known NP-Hard problem with applications in data mining, network analysis, informatics, and many other areas. Although there exist several algorithms with acceptable runtimes for certain classes of…

Data Structures and Algorithms · Computer Science 2012-11-15 Bharath Pattabiraman , Md. Mostofa Ali Patwary , Assefaw H. Gebremedhin , Wei-keng Liao , Alok Choudhary

Current quantum annealing (QA) hardware suffers from practical limitations such as finite temperature, sparse connectivity, small qubit numbers, and control error. We propose new algorithms for mapping boolean constraint satisfaction…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2016-03-11 Zhengbing Bian , Fabian Chudak , Robert Israel , Brad Lackey , William G. Macready , Aidan Roy

Quantum annealing devices such as the ones produced by D-Wave systems are typically used for solving optimization and sampling tasks, and in both academia and industry the characterization of their usefulness is subject to active research.…

Quantum annealing (QA) has great potential to solve combinatorial optimization problems efficiently. However, the effectiveness of QA algorithms is heavily based on the embedding of problem instances, represented as logical graphs, into the…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2025-10-07 Hoang M. Ngo , Nguyen H K. Do , Minh N. Vu , Tre' R. Jeter , Tamer Kahveci , My T. Thai

Recent advances in the development of commercial quantum annealers such as the D-Wave 2X allow solving NP-hard optimization problems that can be expressed as quadratic unconstrained binary programs. However, the relatively small number of…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2018-02-01 Georg Hahn , Hristo N. Djidjev

Minor embedding is essential for mapping largescale combinatorial problems onto quantum annealers, particularly in quantum machine learning and optimization. This work presents an optimized, universal minor-embedding framework that…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2025-05-01 Salvatore Sinno , Thomas Groß , Nicholas Chancellor , Bhavika Bhalgamiya , Arati Sahoo