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In this paper, we give a modified version of the qutrit ZX-calculus, by which we represent qutrit graph states as diagrams and prove that the qutrit version of local complementation property is true if and only if the qutrit Hadamard gate…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2017-04-21 Xiaoyan Gong , Quanlong Wang

Traditional quantum circuit optimization is performed directly at the circuit level. Alternatively, a quantum circuit can be translated to a ZX-diagram which can be simplified using the rules of the ZX-calculus, after which a simplified…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2022-09-16 Ryan Krueger

Recent developments in classical simulation of quantum circuits make use of clever decompositions of chunks of magic states into sums of efficiently simulable stabiliser states. We show here how, by considering certain non-stabiliser…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2022-09-05 Aleks Kissinger , John van de Wetering , Renaud Vilmart

The ZH-calculus is a complete graphical calculus for linear maps between qubits that admits a straightforward encoding of hypergraph states and circuits arising from the Toffoli+Hadamard gate set. In this paper, we establish a…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2021-09-07 Louis Lemonnier , John van de Wetering , Aleks Kissinger

This note describes how the the scalable ZXH calculus can be used to represent in a compact way the quantum gates that are diagonal in the computational basis. This includes controlled and multi-controlled Z gates, their generalizations,…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2020-12-18 Titouan Carette

Continuous-variable (CV) quantum information processing is a promising candidate for large-scale fault-tolerant quantum computation. However, analysis of CV quantum process relies mostly on direct computation of the evolution of operators…

Graphical languages, like quantum circuits or ZX-calculus, have been successfully designed to represent (memoryless) quantum computations acting on a finite number of qubits. Meanwhile, delayed traces have been used as a graphical way to…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2021-04-29 Titouan Carette , Marc de Visme , Simon Perdrix

Quantum computers allow a near-exponential speed-up for specific applications when compared to classical computers. Despite recent advances in the hardware of quantum computers, their practical usage is still severely limited due to a…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2025-05-09 Tobias Fischbach , Pierre Talbot , Pascal Bouvry

Diagrammatic representations of quantum algorithms and circuits offer novel approaches to their design and analysis. In this work, we describe extensions of the ZX-calculus especially suitable for parameterized quantum circuits, in…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2023-11-16 Tobias Stollenwerk , Stuart Hadfield

We introduce a high-level graphical framework for designing and analysing quantum error correcting codes, centred on what we term the coherent parity check (CPC). The graphical formulation is based on the diagrammatic tools of the…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2023-08-21 Nicholas Chancellor , Aleks Kissinger , Joschka Roffe , Stefan Zohren , Dominic Horsman

Floquet codes are a recently discovered type of quantum error correction code. They can be thought of as generalising stabilizer codes and subsystem codes, by allowing the logical Pauli operators of the code to vary dynamically over time.…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2023-09-01 Alex Townsend-Teague , Julio Magdalena de la Fuente , Markus Kesselring

Recent advances in classical simulation of Clifford+T circuits make use of the ZX calculus to iteratively decompose and simplify magic states into stabiliser terms. We improve on this method by studying stabiliser decompositions of ZX…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2025-09-23 Mark Koch , Richie Yeung , Quanlong Wang

The ZX, ZW and ZH calculi are all graphical calculi for reasoning about pure state qubit quantum mechanics. All of these languages use certain diagrammatic decorations, called !-boxes and phase variables, to indicate not just one diagram…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2020-05-04 Hector Miller-Bakewell

In this work, we present a generic approach to transform CSS codes by building upon their equivalence to phase-free ZX diagrams. Using the ZX calculus, we demonstrate diagrammatic transformations between encoding maps associated with…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2023-09-04 Jiaxin Huang , Sarah Meng Li , Lia Yeh , Aleks Kissinger , Michele Mosca , Michael Vasmer

From Feynman diagrams to tensor networks, diagrammatic representations of computations in quantum mechanics have catalysed progress in physics. These diagrams represent the underlying mathematical operations and aid physical interpretation,…

Other Condensed Matter · Physics 2022-01-11 Richard D. P. East , John van de Wetering , Nicholas Chancellor , Adolfo G. Grushin

Categorical quantum mechanics and the Wolfram model offer distinct but complementary approaches to studying the relationship between diagrammatic rewriting systems over combinatorial structures and the foundations of physics; the objective…

Logic in Computer Science · Computer Science 2020-10-07 Jonathan Gorard , Manojna Namuduri , Xerxes D. Arsiwalla

Quantum circuit cutting refers to a series of techniques that allow one to partition a quantum computation on a large quantum computer into several quantum computations on smaller devices. This usually comes at the price of a sampling…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2025-12-09 Marco Schumann , Tobias Stollenwerk , Alessandro Ciani

In this paper, we introduce a technique for contracting (i.e. numerically evaluating) ZX-diagrams whose complexity scales with their rank-width, a graph parameter that behaves nicely under ZX rewrite rules. Given a rank-decomposition of…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2026-03-10 Fedor Kuyanov , Aleks Kissinger

Quantum error correction is an important ingredient for scalable quantum computing. Stabilizer codes are one of the most promising and straightforward ways to correct quantum errors, are convenient for logical operations, and improve…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2025-02-07 Ilya. A. Simakov , Ilya. S. Besedin

In this thesis, we study concepts in quantum computing using graphical languages, specifically using the ZX-calculus. The core of the research revolves around (graphical) stabilizer decompositions. The first major focus is on the…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2025-03-07 Yves Vollmeier
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