Related papers: Pulsar-Wind Nebulae: Recent Progress in Observatio…
Pulsar wind nebulae (PWNe), especially the young ones, are among the most energetic astrophysical sources in the Galaxy. It is usually believed that the spin-down energy injected from the pulsars is converted into magnetic field and…
These notes summarise the contents of the lectures I delivered at the International School of Physics "Enrico Fermi" on "Foundations of Cosmic Ray Astrophysics". The lectures were dealing with the physics of Pulsars and Pulsar Wind Nebulae…
Observations of the Vela pulsar region with the Chandra X-ray observatory have revealed the fine structure of its synchrotron pulsar-wind nebula (PWN), which showed an overall similarity with the Crab PWN. However, contrary to the Crab, no…
We review the evolution of our understanding of the planetary nebulae phenomenon and their place in the scheme of stellar evolution. The historical steps leading to our current understanding of central star evolution and nebular formation…
Several Pulsar Wind Nebulae (PWNe) have been detected in the TeV band in the last decade.The TeV emission is typically interpreted in a purely leptonic scenario, but this usually requires that the magnetic field in the Nebula be much lower…
Previous searches for radio pulsar wind nebulae (PWN) suggest that only the youngest and most energetic pulsars power PWN. However the selection effects associated with such searches are severe, in that emission from a faint compact PWN…
The stability of the spin of pulsars and the precision with which these spins can be determined, allows many unique tests of interest to physics and astrophysics. Perhaps the most challenging and revolutionary of these, is the detection of…
Pulsars are rapidly-rotating neutron stars born out of the death of stars. A diffuse nebula is formed when particles stream from these neutron stars and interact with the ambient medium. These pulsar wind nebulae (PWNe) are visible across…
Recent X-ray observations have proved to be very effective in detecting previously unknown supernova remnant shells around pulsar wind nebulae (PWNe), and in these cases the characteristics of the shell provide further clues on the…
Context. Pulsar wind nebulae (PWNe) are a source of very high energy radiation that can reach up to tera-electron volts and even peta-electron volts. Our work uses the pulsar tree, a graph theory tool recently presented to analyze the…
We present preliminary results from a systematic spectral study of pulsars and their wind nebulae using the Chandra X-Ray Observatory. The superb spatial resolution of Chandra allows us to differentiate the compact object's spectrum from…
To answer the topical question we survey synoptically the recent literature in pulsation theory. We restrict the topics to research on roAp stars, EC 14026 variables, strange modes, luminous blue variables, pulsation-rotation coupling, and…
Angular momentum loss by the plasma wind is considered as a universal feature of isolated neutron stars including magnetars. The wind nebulae powered by magnetars allow us to compare the wind properties and the spin-evolution of magnetars…
We present hydrodynamical simulations, using a 2-D two component model (ambient medium and pul sar wind have different specific heat ratios), of bow shocks in a representative regime for pu lsar wind driven bow-shock nebulae. We also…
The high resolution capabilities of the High Energy Stereoscopic System (HESS) introduced a new era in Gamma-Ray Astronomy, and opens a new window on pulsar wind nebula (PWN) research. A rotationally induced jet (associated with PSR…
In the recent paper we calculated the $\gamma$-ray spectra from pulsar wind nebulae (PWNe), assuming that a significant amount of the pulsar rotational energy is converted into relativistic nuclei. These nuclei accelerate leptons which are…
The mysteries of sunspot penumbrae have been under an intense scrutiny for the past 10 years. During this time, some models have been proposed and refuted, while the surviving ones had to be modified, adapted and evolved to explain the…
In this paper we explore the evolution of a PWN while the pulsar is spinning down. An MHD approach is used to simulate the evolution of a composite remnant. Particular attention is given to the adiabatic loss rate and evolution of the…
Over three thousand pulsars have been discovered, but none have been confirmed to be younger than a few hundred years. Observing a pulsar after a supernova explosion will help us understand the properties of newborn ones, including their…
A recent study by Posselt et al. (2017) reported the deepest X-ray investigation of the Geminga pulsar wind nebula (PWN) by using \emph{Chandra X-ray Observatory}. In comparison with previous studies of this system, a number of new findings…