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We survey several problems related to logical aspects of quantum structures. In particular, we consider problems related to completions, decidability and axiomatizability, and embedding problems. The historical development is described, as…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2021-08-24 John Harding , Zhenghan Wang

In this short article, we present a solution to one of the probability puzzles that Daniel Litt, a mathematician at the University of Toronto, posted on his X account earlier this year. The main goal of this note is to show how some of the…

History and Overview · Mathematics 2025-01-08 Daniel Otero

Complexity is a multi-faceted phenomenon, involving a variety of features including disorder, nonlinearity, and self-organisation. We use a recently developed rigorous framework for complexity to understand measures of complexity. We…

Adaptation and Self-Organizing Systems · Physics 2020-09-22 Karoline Wiesner , James Ladyman

Several open problems in algebraic logic are solved.

Logic · Mathematics 2013-04-05 Tarek Sayed Ahmed

We show that deciding if a given vector is the degree sequence of a 3-hypergraph is NP-complete.

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2020-12-08 Antoine Deza , Asaf Levin , Syed M. Meesum , Shmuel Onn

This is the English version of the paper: "Complejidad de los n\'umeros naturales", Gaceta de la Real Sociedad Matem\'atica Espa\~nola 3 (2000) 230--250. In this paper, several conjectures about the complexity of natural numbers are…

Number Theory · Mathematics 2021-11-08 J. Arias de Reyna

A novel approach to complex problems has been previously applied to graph classification and the graph equivalence problem. Here we consider its applications to a wide set of NP complete problems, namely, those of finding a subgraph g…

Disordered Systems and Neural Networks · Physics 2007-05-23 Shmuel Nussinov , Zohar Nussinov

We show NP-completeness for the recognition problem of 2-line-bend graphs.

Computational Complexity · Computer Science 2015-10-05 Martin Pergel

The paper proposes a logical model of combinatorial problems, also it gives an example of a problem of the class NP that can not be solved in polynomial time on the dimension of the problem.

Computational Complexity · Computer Science 2016-03-02 Anatoly D. Plotnikov

A special case of the satisfiability problem, in which the clauses have a hierarchical structure, is shown to be solvable in linear time, assuming that the clauses have been represented in a convenient way.

Computational Complexity · Computer Science 2008-02-03 Donald E. Knuth

In this study, we investigate the computational complexity of some variants of generalized puzzles. We are provided with two sets S_1 and S_2 of polyominoes. The first puzzle asks us to form the same shape using polyominoes in S_1 and S_2.…

Computational Complexity · Computer Science 2023-05-19 Mutsunori Banbara , Shin-ichi Minato , Hirotaka Ono , Ryuhei Uehara

We prove a curious identity for the Bernoulli numbers.

Number Theory · Mathematics 2013-08-16 Daniel B. Grunberg , Hao Pan , Zhi-Wei Sun

We review the known results about characteristically nilpotent complex Lie algebras, as well as we comment recent developements in the theory.

Rings and Algebras · Mathematics 2007-05-23 Jose Maria Ancochea , Otto Rutwig Campoamor

This paper studies the complexity of query evaluation for databases whose relations are partially ordered; the problem commonly arises when combining or transforming ordered data from multiple sources. We focus on queries in a useful…

Databases · Computer Science 2019-05-30 Antoine Amarilli , Mouhamadou Lamine Ba , Daniel Deutch , Pierre Senellart

A novel approach to complex problems has been previously applied to graph classification and the graph equivalence problem. Here we apply it to the NP complete problem of finding the largest perfect clique within a graph $G$.

Condensed Matter · Physics 2007-05-23 Vladimir Gudkov , Shmuel Nussinov , Zohar Nussinov

A regular realizability (RR) problem is testing nonemptiness of intersection of some fixed language (filter) with given regular language. We study here complexity of RR problems. It appears that for any language L there exists RR problem…

Computational Complexity · Computer Science 2013-01-01 Mikhail N. Vyalyi

Complete hom-Lie superalgebra are considered and some equivalent conditions for a hom-Lie superalgebra to be a complete hom-Lie superalgebra are established. In particular, the relation between decomposition and completeness for a hom-Lie…

Rings and Algebras · Mathematics 2021-10-11 M. R. Farhangdoost , A. R. Attari Polsangi , S. Silvestrov

Several results about the union-closed sets conjecture are presented.

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2017-06-21 Yining Hu

Hybrid logic with binders is an expressive specification language. Its satisfiability problem is undecidable in general. If frames are restricted to N or general linear orders, then satisfiability is known to be decidable, but of…

Computational Complexity · Computer Science 2012-06-13 Stefan Göller , Arne Meier , Martin Mundhenk , Thomas Schneider , Michael Thomas , Felix Weiss

We introduce and study a new kind of congruent number problem on the right trapezoid.

Number Theory · Mathematics 2016-05-24 Tianxin Cai , Yong Zhang