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Given a constraint satisfaction problem (CSP) on $n$ variables, $x_1, x_2, \dots, x_n \in \{\pm 1\}$, and $m$ constraints, a global cardinality constraint has the form of $\sum_{i = 1}^{n} x_i = (1-2p)n$, where $p \in (\Omega(1), 1 -…

Data Structures and Algorithms · Computer Science 2016-10-21 Xue Chen , Yuan Zhou

The Constraint Satisfaction Problem (CSP) and its counting counterpart appears under different guises in many areas of mathematics, computer science, and elsewhere. Its structural and algorithmic properties have demonstrated to play a…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2020-07-15 Raimundo Briceño , Andrei Bulatov , Victor Dalmau , Benoit Larose

We address the separability problem for straight-line string constraints. The separability problem for languages of a class C by a class S asks: given two languages A and B in C, does there exist a language I in S separating A and B (i.e.,…

Formal Languages and Automata Theory · Computer Science 2020-05-21 Parosh Aziz Abdulla , Mohamed Faouzi Atig , Vrunda Dave , Shankara Narayanan Krishna

A continuous constraint satisfaction problem (CCSP) is a constraint satisfaction problem (CSP) with an interval domain $U \subset \mathbb{R}$. We engage in a systematic study to classify CCSPs that are complete of the Existential Theory of…

Computational Complexity · Computer Science 2024-08-07 Tillmann Miltzow , Reinier F. Schmiermann

In this work, we focus on the Partial Constraint Satisfaction Problem (PCSP) over control-flow graphs (CFGs) of programs. PCSP serves as a generalization of the well-known Constraint Satisfaction Problem (CSP). In the CSP framework, we…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-02-04 Xuran Cai , Amir Goharshady

Holant problems capture a class of Sum-of-Product computations such as counting matchings. It is inspired by holographic algorithms and is equivalent to tensor networks, with counting CSP being a special case. A classification for Holant…

Computational Complexity · Computer Science 2017-02-10 Jin-Yi Cai , Pinyan Lu , Mingji Xia

Solving avoidability problems in the area of string combinatorics often requires, in an initial step, the construction, via a computer program, of a very long word that does not contain any word that matches a given pattern. It is well…

Formal Languages and Automata Theory · Computer Science 2019-06-04 Thorsten Ehlers , Florin Manea , Dirk Nowotka , Kamellia Reshadi

The classifications of temporal and phylogeny constraint languages stand among the most seminal complexity classifications within infinite-domain Constraint Satisfaction Problems (CSPs), yet remain the most mysterious in terms of algorithms…

Logic in Computer Science · Computer Science 2026-05-07 Johanna Brunar , Michael Pinsker , Moritz Schöbi

Valued constraint satisfaction problems (VCSPs) are discrete optimisation problems with a $(\mathbb{Q}\cup\{\infty\})$-valued objective function given as a sum of fixed-arity functions. In Boolean surjective VCSPs, variables take on labels…

Computational Complexity · Computer Science 2020-05-15 Peter Fulla , Hannes Uppman , Stanislav Zivny

Constraint Satisfaction Problems (CSPs, for short) make up a class of problems with applications in many areas of computer science. The first classification of these problems was given by Schaeffer who showed that every CSP over the domain…

Computational Complexity · Computer Science 2025-08-18 Dejan Delic , John Marcoux

The workflow satisfiability problem is concerned with determining whether it is possible to find an allocation of authorized users to the steps in a workflow in such a way that all constraints are satisfied. The problem is NP-hard in…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2012-10-16 J. Crampton , R. Crowston , G. Gutin , M. Jones , M. S. Ramanujan

In this paper, we define the reoptimization variant of the closest substring problem (CSP) under sequence addition. We show that, even with the additional information we have about the problem instance, the problem of finding a closest…

Data Structures and Algorithms · Computer Science 2016-03-09 Jeffrey Aborot , Henry Adorna , Jhoirene Clemente

Schaefer's dichotomy theorem [Schaefer, STOC'78] states that a boolean constraint satisfaction problem (CSP) is polynomial-time solvable if one of six given conditions holds for every type of constraint allowed in its instances. Otherwise,…

Computational Complexity · Computer Science 2023-07-10 Patrick Schnider , Simon Weber

We introduce the constrained topological sorting problem (CTS): given a regular language K and a directed acyclic graph G with labeled vertices, determine if G has a topological sort that forms a word in K. This natural problem applies to…

Data Structures and Algorithms · Computer Science 2019-08-28 Antoine Amarilli , Charles Paperman

In a non-uniform Constraint Satisfaction problem CSP(G), where G is a set of relations on a finite set A, the goal is to find an assignment of values to variables subject to constraints imposed on specified sets of variables using the…

Computational Complexity · Computer Science 2020-07-20 Andrei A. Bulatov

Constraint satisfaction problems are computational problems that naturally appear in many areas of theoretical computer science. One of the central themes is their computational complexity, and in particular the border between…

Computational Complexity · Computer Science 2026-04-28 Manuel Bodirsky

We determine the computational complexity of approximately counting the total weight of variable assignments for every complex-weighted Boolean constraint satisfaction problem (or CSP) with any number of additional unary (i.e., arity 1)…

Computational Complexity · Computer Science 2015-05-19 Tomoyuki Yamakami

An active topic in the study of random constraint satisfaction problems (CSPs) is the geometry of the space of satisfying or almost satisfying assignments as the function of the density, for which a precise landscape of predictions has been…

Data Structures and Algorithms · Computer Science 2021-06-25 Jun-Ting Hsieh , Sidhanth Mohanty , Jeff Xu

The quantified constraint satisfaction problem (QCSP) is a powerful framework for modelling computational problems. The general intractability of the QCSP has motivated the pursuit of restricted cases that avoid its maximal complexity. In…

Computational Complexity · Computer Science 2007-05-23 Hubie Chen

We study the complexity of infinite-domain constraint satisfaction problems: our basic setting is that a complexity classification for the CSPs of first-order expansions of a structure $\mathfrak A$ can be transferred to a classification of…