Related papers: The Shadows of a Cycle Cannot All Be Paths

A squaregraph is a plane graph in which each internal face is a $4$-cycle and each internal vertex has degree at least 4. This paper proves that every squaregraph is isomorphic to a subgraph of the semi-strong product of an outerplanar…

A linear cycle in a hypergraph $H$ is a cyclic sequence of hyperedges such that two consecutive hyperedges intersect in exactly one element and two nonconsecutive hyperedges are disjoint and $\alpha(H)$ denotes the size of a largest…

A compact object illuminated by background radiation produces a dark silhouette. The edge of the silhouette or shadow (alternatively, the apparent boundary or the critical curve) is commonly determined by the presence of the photon sphere…

Consider a curve $\Gamma$ in a domain $D$ in the plane $\boldsymbol R^2$. Thinking of $D$ as a piece of paper, one can make a curved folding $P$ in the Euclidean space $\boldsymbol R^3$. The singular set $C$ of $P$ as a space curve is…

Given a directed graph $D$ of order $n\geq 4$ and a nonempty subset $Y$ of vertices of $D$ such that in $D$ every vertex of $Y$ reachable from every other vertex of $Y$. Assume that for every triple $x,y,z\in Y$ such that $x$ and $y$ are…

In this paper we show that the maximum number of hyperedges in a $3$-uniform hypergraph on $n$ vertices without a (Berge) cycle of length five is less than $(0.254 + o(1))n^{3/2}$, improving an estimate of Bollob\'as and Gy\H{o}ri. We…

The paper is focused on the four-dimensional visualization of hypersurfaces represented by implicit equations without their parametrization. We describe a general method to find shadow boundaries in an arbitrary dimension and apply it in a…

A {\it cluster of cycles} (or {\it $(r,q)$-polycycle}) is a simple planar 2--co nnected finite or countable graph $G$ of girth $r$ and maximal vertex-degree $q$, which admits {\it $(r,q)$-polycyclic realization} on the plane, denote it by…

A problem that is simple to state in the context of spherical geometry, and that seems rather interesting, appears to have been unexamined to date in the mathematical literature. The problem can also be recast as a problem in the real…

An open set in C^n is pseudoconvex if and only if its intersection with every affine subspace of complex dimension two as seen as an open set in C^2 is pseudoconvex.

We prove that oriented and standard shadowing properties are equivalent for topological flows on closed surfaces with the nonwandering set consisting of the finite number of critical elements (i.e., singularities or closed orbits).…

We study the complexity of computing the projection of an arbitrary $d$-polytope along $k$ orthogonal vectors for various input and output forms. We show that if $d$ and $k$ are part of the input (i.e. not a constant) and we are interested…

Simple cycles on a digraph form a trace monoid under the rule that two such cycles commute if and only if they are vertex disjoint. This rule describes the spatial configuration of simple cycles on the digraph. Cartier and Foata have showed…

The relation between the black hole shadow and the black hole thermodynamics is investigated. We find that the phase structure can be reflected by the shadow radius for the spherically symmetric black hole. We also find that the shadow size…

Non-relativistic particles that are effectively confined to two dimensions can in general move on curved surfaces, allowing dynamical phenomena beyond what can be described with scalar potentials or even vector gauge fields. Here we…

This article is the first in a series of two in which we study the vanishing cycles of curves in toric surfaces. We give a list of possible obstructions to contract vanishing cycles within a given complete linear system. Using tropical…

We propose methods towards a systematic determination of d dimensional curved spaces where Euclidean field theories with rigid supersymmetry can be defined. The analysis is carried out from a group theory as well as from a supergravity…

We define two transforms between non-conformal harmonic maps from a surface into the 3-sphere. With these transforms one can construct, from one such harmonic map, a sequence of harmonic maps. We show that there is a correspondence between…

We discuss the concept of the shadow boundary of a centrally symmetric convex ball $K$ (actually being the unit ball of a Minkowski normed space) with respect to a direction ${\bf x}$ of the Euclidean n-space $R^n$. We introduce the concept…

This is a PhD thesis about low dimensional topology, in particular knot thory in 3-manifolds also different from the 3-sphere, topological applications of quantum invariants, and Turaev's shadows. There is an introduction and a survey for…