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We present a conjugate-gradient method for the ground-state optimization of projected entangled-pair states (PEPS) in the thermodynamic limit, as a direct implementation of the variational principle within the PEPS manifold. Our…

Strongly Correlated Electrons · Physics 2016-11-08 Laurens Vanderstraeten , Jutho Haegeman , Philippe Corboz , Frank Verstraete

We develop and benchmark a technique for simulating excitation spectra of generic two-dimensional quantum lattice systems using the framework of projected entangled-pair states (PEPS). The technique relies on a variational ansatz for…

Strongly Correlated Electrons · Physics 2019-04-24 Laurens Vanderstraeten , Jutho Haegeman , Frank Verstraete

Projected entangled-pair states (PEPS) constitute a powerful variational ansatz for capturing ground state physics of two-dimensional quantum systems. However, accurately computing and minimizing the energy expectation value remains…

Strongly Correlated Electrons · Physics 2025-08-15 Wei Tang , Laurens Vanderstraeten , Jutho Haegeman

Projected Entangled Pair States (PEPS) are a class of quantum many-body states that generalize Matrix Product States for one-dimensional systems to higher dimensions. In recent years, PEPS have advanced understanding of strongly correlated…

Strongly Correlated Electrons · Physics 2025-01-13 Siddhartha Patra , Sukhbinder Singh , Román Orús

The projected entangled pair state (PEPS) ansatz can represent a thermal state in a strongly correlated system. We introduce a novel variational algorithm to optimize this tensor network. Since full tensor environment is taken into account,…

Strongly Correlated Electrons · Physics 2015-07-31 Piotr Czarnik , Jacek Dziarmaga

Numerical treatment of two dimensional strongly-correlated systems is both extremely challenging and of fundamental importance. Infinite projected entangled-pair states (PEPS), a class of tensor networks, have demonstrated cutting-edge…

Strongly Correlated Electrons · Physics 2023-06-26 Boris Ponsioen , Juraj Hasik , Philippe Corboz

Tensor network states, and in particular projected entangled pair states (PEPS), suggest an innovative approach for the study of lattice gauge theories, both from a pure theoretic point of view, and as a tool for the analysis of the recent…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2016-04-12 Erez Zohar , Michele Burrello

Projected entangled pair states (PEPS) are very useful in the description of strongly correlated systems, partly because they allow encoding symmetries, either global or local (gauge), naturally. In recent years, PEPS with local symmetries…

High Energy Physics - Lattice · Physics 2025-08-25 David Blanik , José Garre-Rubio , András Molnár , Erez Zohar

Projected entangled pair states (PEPS) on finite two-dimensional lattices are a natural ansatz for representing ground states of local many-body Hamiltonians, as they inherently satisfy the boundary law of entanglement entropy. In this…

Strongly Correlated Electrons · Physics 2025-05-14 Daniel Alcalde Puente , Erik Lennart Weerda , Konrad Schröder , Matteo Rizzi

Infinite projected entangled-pair states (iPEPS) provide a powerful tool to study two-dimensional strongly correlated systems directly in the thermodynamic limit. In this work, we extend the iPEPS toolbox by a method to efficiently evaluate…

Strongly Correlated Electrons · Physics 2025-01-27 Juan Diego Arias Espinoza , Philippe Corboz

The Hamiltonian for a system of itinerant particles on a two-dimensional lattice in a uniform magnetic field reduces the translational symmetry to a magnetic translation group, because of the need to choose a particular gauge for the vector…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2026-04-28 Wei Tang , Gunnar Möller , Frank Verstraete , Laurens Vanderstraeten

Projected Entangled Pair States (PEPS) are a promising ansatz for the study of strongly correlated quantum many-body systems in two dimensions. But due to their high computational cost, developing and improving PEPS algorithms is necessary…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2014-09-05 Michael Lubasch , J. Ignacio Cirac , Mari-Carmen Bañuls

The projected entangled pair state (PEPS) representation of quantum states on two-dimensional lattices induces an entanglement based hierarchy in state space. We show that the lowest levels of this hierarchy exhibit an enormously rich…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2007-05-23 F. Verstraete , M. M. Wolf , D. Perez-Garcia , J. I. Cirac

Projected Entangled Pair States (PEPS) are used in practice as an efficient parametrization of the set of ground states of quantum many body systems. The aim of this paper is to present, for a broad mathematical audience, some mathematical…

Mathematical Physics · Physics 2020-03-19 J. Ignacio Cirac , José Garre-Rubio , David Pérez-García

Projected Entangled Pair States (PEPS) are recognized as a potent tool for exploring two-dimensional quantum many-body systems. However, a significant challenge emerges when applying conventional PEPS methodologies to systems with periodic…

Strongly Correlated Electrons · Physics 2024-07-23 Shaojun Dong , Chao Wang , Hao Zhang , Meng Zhang , Lixin He

While gauge symmetry is a well-established requirement for representing topological orders in projected entangled-pair state (PEPS), its impact on the properties of low-lying excited states remains relatively unexplored. Here we perform…

Strongly Correlated Electrons · Physics 2024-09-11 Yi Tan , Ji-Yao Chen , Didier Poilblanc , Jia-Wei Mei

We show that projected entangled-pair states (PEPS) can describe chiral topologically ordered phases. For that, we construct a simple PEPS for spin-1/2 particles in a two-dimensional lattice. We reveal a symmetry in the local projector of…

Strongly Correlated Electrons · Physics 2015-03-11 Shuo Yang , Thorsten B. Wahl , Hong-Hao Tu , Norbert Schuch , J. Ignacio Cirac

Efficient characterization of higher dimensional many-body physical states presents significant challenges. In this paper, we propose a new class of Project Entangled Pair State (PEPS) that incorporates two isometric conditions. This new…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2025-01-14 Xie-Hang Yu , J. Ignacio Cirac , Pavel Kos , Georgios Styliaris

Projected entangled pair states (PEPS) offer memory-efficient representations of some quantum many-body states that obey an entanglement area law, and are the basis for classical simulations of ground states in two-dimensional (2d)…

Algorithms to simulate the ring-exchange models using the projected entangled pair states (PEPS) are developed. We generalize the imaginary time evolution (ITE) method to optimize PEPS wave functions for the models with ring-exchange…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2022-02-02 Chao Wang , Shaojun Dong , Yongjian Han , Lixin He
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