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Gaussian graphical models (GGM) have been widely used in many high-dimensional applications ranging from biological and financial data to recommender systems. Sparsity in GGM plays a central role both statistically and computationally.…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2014-06-12 Zhaoshi Meng , Brian Eriksson , Alfred O. Hero

Latent representations are the essence of deep generative models and determine their usefulness and power. For latent representations to be useful as generative concept representations, their latent space must support latent space…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2019-01-01 Daniel T. Chang

Deep Metric Learning (DML) approaches learn to represent inputs to a lower-dimensional latent space such that the distance between representations in this space corresponds with a predefined notion of similarity. This paper investigates how…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2020-09-09 Niall O' Mahony , Sean Campbell , Anderson Carvalho , Lenka Krpalkova , Gustavo Velasco-Hernandez , Daniel Riordan , Joseph Walsh

Learning parameters of latent graphical models (GM) is inherently much harder than that of no-latent ones since the latent variables make the corresponding log-likelihood non-concave. Nevertheless, expectation-maximization schemes are…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2017-03-17 Sejun Park , Eunho Yang , Jinwoo Shin

In this work, we propose to model the interaction between visual and textual features for multi-modal neural machine translation (MMT) through a latent variable model. This latent variable can be seen as a multi-modal stochastic embedding…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2019-05-17 Iacer Calixto , Miguel Rios , Wilker Aziz

Generalization is one of the most important issues in machine learning problems. In this study, we consider generalization in restricted Boltzmann machines (RBMs). We propose an RBM with multivalued hidden variables, which is a simple…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2020-01-09 Yuuki Yokoyama , Tomu Katsumata , Muneki Yasuda

Suppose we observe samples of a subset of a collection of random variables. No additional information is provided about the number of latent variables, nor of the relationship between the latent and observed variables. Is it possible to…

Statistics Theory · Mathematics 2012-11-05 Venkat Chandrasekaran , Pablo A. Parrilo , Alan S. Willsky

In image generation, Multiple Latent Variable Generative Models (MLVGMs) employ multiple latent variables to gradually shape the final images, from global characteristics to finer and local details (e.g., StyleGAN, NVAE), emerging as…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2026-01-01 Dario Serez , Marco Cristani , Alessio Del Bue , Vittorio Murino , Pietro Morerio

We study the problem of learning latent variables in Gaussian graphical models. Existing methods for this problem assume that the precision matrix of the observed variables is the superposition of a sparse and a low-rank component. In this…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2017-07-12 Mohammadreza Soltani , Chinmay Hegde

In recent years, pre-trained large language models (LLMs) have demonstrated remarkable efficiency in achieving an inference-time few-shot learning capability known as in-context learning. However, existing literature has highlighted the…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-02-14 Xinyi Wang , Wanrong Zhu , Michael Saxon , Mark Steyvers , William Yang Wang

Probabilistic graphical models are traditionally known for their successes in generative modeling. In this work, we advocate layered graphical models (LGMs) for probabilistic discriminative learning. To this end, we design LGMs in close…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2019-02-04 Yuesong Shen , Tao Wu , Csaba Domokos , Daniel Cremers

Vision-language model (VLM) embeddings have been shown to encode biases present in their training data, such as societal biases that prescribe negative characteristics to members of various racial and gender identities. VLMs are being…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2024-11-08 Walter Gerych , Haoran Zhang , Kimia Hamidieh , Eileen Pan , Maanas Sharma , Thomas Hartvigsen , Marzyeh Ghassemi

Deep latent variable models learn condensed representations of data that, hopefully, reflect the inner workings of the studied phenomena. Unfortunately, these latent representations are not statistically identifiable, meaning they cannot be…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2025-06-02 Stas Syrota , Yevgen Zainchkovskyy , Johnny Xi , Benjamin Bloem-Reddy , Søren Hauberg

Deep latent variable models (LVM) such as variational auto-encoder (VAE) have recently played an important role in text generation. One key factor is the exploitation of smooth latent structures to guide the generation. However, the…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2019-12-02 Le Fang , Chunyuan Li , Jianfeng Gao , Wen Dong , Changyou Chen

Real-world dark images commonly exhibit not only low visibility and contrast but also complex noise and blur, posing significant restoration challenges. Existing methods often rely on paired data or fail to model dynamic illumination and…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-11-25 Wei Dong , Han Zhou , Junwei Lin , Jun Chen

We propose a novel approach for dynamic negative prompting in diffusion models that leverages Vision-Language Models (VLMs) to adaptively generate negative prompts during the denoising process. Unlike traditional Negative Prompting methods…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-10-31 Hoyeon Chang , Seungjin Kim , Yoonseok Choi

This study builds on the architecture of the Disentangler of Visual Priors (DVP), a type of autoencoder that learns to interpret scenes by decomposing the perceived objects into independent visual aspects of shape, size, orientation, and…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-06-11 Antoni Nowinowski , Krzysztof Krawiec

Latent Action Models (LAMs) have rapidly gained traction as an important component in the pre-training pipelines of leading Vision-Language-Action models. However, they fail when observations contain action-correlated distractors, often…

A latent-variable model is introduced for text matching, inferring sentence representations by jointly optimizing generative and discriminative objectives. To alleviate typical optimization challenges in latent-variable models for text, we…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2017-11-23 Dinghan Shen , Yizhe Zhang , Ricardo Henao , Qinliang Su , Lawrence Carin

Geometric variations of objects, which do not modify the object class, pose a major challenge for object recognition. These variations could be rigid as well as non-rigid transformations. In this paper, we design a framework for training…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2017-12-20 Jiajun Shen , Yali Amit