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A new efficient ensemble prediction strategy is developed for a general turbulent model framework with emphasis on the nonlinear interactions between large and small scale variables. The high computational cost in running large ensemble…

Fluid Dynamics · Physics 2023-02-22 Di Qi , Jian-Guo Liu

The evolution of the weather can be described by deterministic numerical weather forecasting models. Multiple runs of these models with different initial conditions and/or model physics result in forecast ensembles which are used for…

Applications · Statistics 2015-07-21 Sándor Baran , András Horányi , Dóra Nemoda

Large ensembles of climate projections are essential for characterizing uncertainty in future climate and extreme weather events, yet computational constraints of numerical climate models limit ensemble sizes to a small number of…

Atmospheric and Oceanic Physics · Physics 2025-12-01 Francesco Immorlano , Elijah Tavares , Felix Draxler , Padhraic Smyth , Pierre Gentine , Stephan Mandt

The modeling of dynamical systems is essential in many fields, but applying machine learning techniques is often challenging due to incomplete or noisy data. This study introduces a variant of stochastic interpolation (SI) for probabilistic…

Computational Physics · Physics 2025-03-18 Siddharth Rout , Eldad Haber , Stéphane Gaudreault

Regression algorithms are regularly used for improving the accuracy of satellite precipitation products. In this context, satellite precipitation and topography data are the predictor variables, and gauged-measured precipitation data are…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-10-17 Georgia Papacharalampous , Hristos Tyralis , Nikolaos Doulamis , Anastasios Doulamis

Clouds are important components of the atmosphere. Since it is usually not possible to treat them as ensembles of huge numbers of particles, parameterizations on the basis of averaged quantities (mass and/or number concentration) must be…

Atmospheric and Oceanic Physics · Physics 2018-11-29 Juliane Rosemeier , Manuel Baumgartner , Peter Spichtinger

Best linear unbiased prediction is well known for its wide range of applications including small area estimation. While the theory is well established for mixed linear models and under normality of the error and mixing distributions, the…

Statistics Theory · Mathematics 2007-06-13 Soumendra N. Lahiri , Tapabrata Maiti , Myron Katzoff , Van Parsons

Studying low-likelihood high-impact extreme weather events in a warming world is a significant and challenging task for current ensemble forecasting systems. While these systems presently use up to 100 members, larger ensembles could enrich…

The growing integration of power electronic-based technologies has increased the necessity of power quality (PQ) monitoring in transmission systems. Although large datasets are collected by operators, their use is typically limited to…

Signal Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2026-03-04 Max Domagk , Peter Feistel , Jan Meyer , Marco Lindner , Jako Kilter

The problem of data clustering is one of the most important in data analysis. It can be problematic when dealing with experimental data characterized by measurement uncertainties and errors. Our paper proposes a recursive scheme for…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-01-12 Alicja Miniak-Górecka , Krzysztof Podlaski , Tomasz Gwizdałła

Data assimilation addresses the general problem of how to combine model-based predictions with partial and noisy observations of the process in an optimal manner. This survey focuses on sequential data assimilation techniques using…

Numerical Analysis · Mathematics 2019-08-15 Sebastian Reich

The solar wind speed at Earth is one of the most important parameters regarding the effects of space weather on society. Thus far, most approaches for predicting the solar wind speed produce a single-value time series without uncertainty,…

Solar and Stellar Astrophysics · Physics 2026-03-13 Daniel E. da Silva , Yash Parlikar , Shaela I. Jones , Charles N. Arge

Reliable precipitation nowcasting is critical for weather-sensitive decision-making, yet neural weather models (NWMs) can produce poorly calibrated probabilistic forecasts. Standard calibration metrics such as the expected calibration error…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-12-01 Lauri Kurki , Yaniel Cabrera , Samu Karanko

A new index for high-impact weather forecasting is introduced and assessed in comparison with the well-established extreme forecast index (EFI). Two other ensemble summary statistics are also included in this comparison study: the…

Applications · Statistics 2023-12-05 Zied Ben-Bouallegue

Conformal prediction is a powerful post-hoc framework for uncertainty quantification that provides distribution-free coverage guarantees. However, these guarantees crucially rely on the assumption of exchangeability. This assumption is…

Methodology · Statistics 2025-11-18 M. Stocker , W. Małgorzewicz , M. Fontana , S. Ben Taieb

Time series forecasting plays an increasingly important role in modern business decisions. In today's data-rich environment, people often aim to choose the optimal forecasting model for their data. However, identifying the optimal model…

Applications · Statistics 2021-12-17 Xixi Li , Fotios Petropoulos , Yanfei Kang

Ensembles of climate models are commonly used to improve climate predictions and assess the uncertainties associated with them. Weighting the models according to their performances holds the promise of further improving their predictions.…

Atmospheric and Oceanic Physics · Physics 2016-05-25 Ehud Strobach , Golan Bel

Over the last three decades, ensemble forecasts have become an integral part of forecasting the weather. They provide users with more complete information than single forecasts as they permit to estimate the probability of weather events by…

Bayesian aggregation lets election forecasters combine diverse sources of information, such as state polls and economic and political indicators: as in our collaboration with The Economist magazine. However, the demands of real-time…

Methodology · Statistics 2025-10-23 Geonhee Han , Andrew Gelman , Aki Vehtari

The task of simplifying the complex spatio-temporal variables associated with climate modeling is of utmost importance and comes with significant challenges. In this research, our primary objective is to tailor clustering techniques to…

Applications · Statistics 2023-11-21 Alexis Boulin , Elena Di Bernardino , Thomas Laloë , Gwladys Toulemonde