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Secure quantum key distribution with multimode Gaussian entangled states and multimode homodyne detectors is proposed. In general the multimode character of both the sources of entanglement and the homodyne detectors can cause a security…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2014-12-19 Vladyslav C. Usenko , Laszlo Ruppert , Radim Filip

Continuous-variable quantum key distribution exploits coherent measurements of the electromagnetic field, i.e., homodyne or heterodyne detection. The most advanced security proofs developed so far relied on idealised mathematical models for…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2022-03-18 Cosmo Lupo , Yingkai Ouyang

In recent years, discrete-modulated continuous-variable quantum key distribution (DM-CV-QKD) has gained traction due to its practical advantages: cost-effectiveness, simple state preparation, and compatibility with existing communication…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2024-10-22 Ignatius William Primaatmaja , Wen Yu Kon , Charles Lim

We investigate the security of continuous-variable (CV) quantum key distribution (QKD) using coherent states and reverse reconciliation against Gaussian individual attacks based on an optimal Gaussian $1 \to 2$ cloning machine. We provide…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2008-09-29 Ryo Namiki , Masato Koashi , Nobuyuki Imoto

In this paper, we present the first experimental demonstration on continuous variable quantum key distribution using determinant Einstein-Podolsky-Rosen entangled states of optical field. By means of the instantaneous measurements of the…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2015-05-30 Xiaolong Su , Wenzhe Wang , Yu Wang , Xiaojun Jia , Changde Xie , Kunchi Peng

We provide a simple description of the most general collective Gaussian attack in continuous-variable quantum cryptography. In the scenario of such general attacks, we analyze the asymptotic secret-key rates which are achievable with…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2008-12-03 Stefano Pirandola , Samuel L. Braunstein , Seth Lloyd

We give an achievable secret key rate of a binary modulated continuous variable quantum key distribution schemes in the collective attack scenario considering quantum channels that impose arbitrary noise on the exchanged signals. Bob…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2009-11-13 Yi-Bo Zhao , Matthias Heid , Johannes Rigas , Norbert Lütkenhaus

We investigate the performance of Gaussianmodulated coherent-state QKD protocols in the presence of canonical attacks, which are collective Gaussian attacks resulting in Gaussian channels described by one of the possible canonical forms. We…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2021-09-07 Panagiotis Papanastasiou , Carlo Ottaviani , Stefano Pirandola

We develop a singular layer transmission model for continuous-variable quantum key distribution (CVQKD). In CVQKD, the transmit information is carried by continuous-variable (CV) quantum states, particularly by Gaussian random distributed…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2014-02-21 Laszlo Gyongyosi

Unidimensional (1D) Gaussian-modulated continuous-variable quantum key distribution protocols have been proposed as a way to simplify implementation and reduce costs through single-quadrature modulation, requiring only one modulator while…

We introduce a polarization agnostic method for Gaussian-modulated coherent state (GCMS) continuous-variable quantum key distribution (CVQKD). Due to the random and continuous nature of the GCMS protocol, Alice, the transmitter, can encode…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2025-04-03 Brian P. Williams , Nicholas A. Peters

Most quantum key distribution (QKD) protocols can be classified as either a discrete-variable (DV) protocol or continuous-variable (CV) protocol, based on how classical information is being encoded. We propose a protocol that combines the…

We present a continuous-variable quantum key distribution protocol combining a discrete modulation and reverse reconciliation. This protocol is proven unconditionally secure and allows the distribution of secret keys over long distances,…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2010-03-15 Anthony Leverrier , Philippe Grangier

Continuous variable quantum key distribution (CVQKD) with discrete modulation combines advantages of CVQKD, such as the implementability using readily available technologies, with advantages of discrete variable quantum key distribution,…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2025-02-13 Carlos Pascual-García , Stefan Bäuml , Mateus Araújo , Rotem Liss , Antonio Acín

The random switching of measurement bases is commonly assumed to be a necessary step of quantum key distribution protocols. In this paper we show that switching is not required for coherent state continuous variable quantum key…

Continuous variable quantum key distribution (CVQKD) is the sharing of secret keys between different parties using the continuous amplitude and phase quadratures of light. There are many protocols in which different modulation schemes are…

The cloning of quantum variables with continuous spectra is investigated. We define a Gaussian 1-to-2 cloning machine, which copies equally well two conjugate variables such as position and momentum or the two quadrature components of a…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2007-05-23 N. J. Cerf , S. Iblisdir , G. Van Assche

We examine different methods to implement coherent detection in the subcarrier wave quantum key distribution (SCW QKD) systems. For classical wavefields, we present the models describing homodyne-type and heterodyne-type coherent detection…

Quantum key distribution provides secure keys with information-theoretic security ensured by the principle of quantum mechanics. The continuous-variable version of quantum key distribution using coherent states offers the advantages of its…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2024-07-09 Yichen Zhang , Yiming Bian , Zhengyu Li , Song Yu , Hong Guo

The combination of quantum secret sharing (QSS) and continuous-variable quantum key distribution (CV-QKD) has demonstrated clear advantages and has undergone significant development in recent years. However, research on the practical…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2025-03-18 Fangli Yang , Liang Chang , Minghua Pan