Related papers: Optimal linear Bernoulli factories for small mean …

When humans infer underlying probabilities from stochastic observations, they exhibit biases and variability that cannot be explained on the basis of sound, Bayesian manipulations of probability. This is especially salient when beliefs are…

Physical Unclonable Functions (PUFs) are widely used in key generation, with each PUF cell typically producing one bit of data. To enable the extraction of longer keys, a new non-binary response generation scheme based on the…

In a series of recent works, an interesting quantum generative model based on parameterized instantaneous polynomial quantum (IQP) circuits has emerged as they can be trained efficiently classically using any loss function that depends only…

Probabilistic quantum cloning and identifying machines can be constructed via unitary-reduction processes [Duan and Guo, Phys. Rev. Lett. 80, 4999 (1998)]. Given the cloning (identifying) probabilities, we derive an explicit representation…

Coin-flipping is a fundamental task in two-party cryptography where two remote mistrustful parties wish to generate a shared uniformly random bit. While quantum protocols promising near-perfect security exist for weak coin-flipping -- when…

Alice seeks an information-theoretically secure source of private random data. Unfortunately, she lacks a personal source and must use remote sources controlled by other parties. Alice wants to simulate a coin flip of specified bias…

The Bernoulli sieve is a version of the classical balls-in-boxes occupancy scheme, in which random frequencies of infinitely many boxes are produced by a multiplicative random walk, also known as the residual allocation model or…

This work is concerned with the prime factor decomposition (PFD) of strong product graphs. A new quasi-linear time algorithm for the PFD with respect to the strong product for arbitrary, finite, connected, undirected graphs is derived.…

When the weights in a particle filter are not available analytically, standard resampling methods cannot be employed. To circumvent this problem state-of-the-art algorithms replace the true weights with non-negative unbiased estimates. This…

Accept-reject based Markov chain Monte Carlo (MCMC) methods are the workhorse algorithm for Bayesian inference. These algorithms, like Metropolis-Hastings, require choosing a proposal distribution which is typically informed by the desired…

In mixture modeling and clustering applications, the number of components and clusters is often not known. A stick-breaking mixture model, such as the Dirichlet process mixture model, is an appealing construction that assumes infinitely…

This paper addresses a fundamental problem in random variate generation: given access to a random source that emits a stream of independent fair bits, what is the most accurate and entropy-efficient algorithm for sampling from a discrete…

This article presents an efficient algorithm to generate a discrete uniform distribution on a set of $p$ elements using a biased random source for $p$ prime. The algorithm generalizes Von Neumann's method and improves computational…

Feature selection problems have been extensively studied for linear estimation, for instance, Lasso, but less emphasis has been placed on feature selection for non-linear functions. In this study, we propose a method for feature selection…

This paper tackles the problem of decomposing binary data using matrix factorization. We consider the family of mean-parametrized Bernoulli models, a class of generative models that are well suited for modeling binary data and enables…

We give an efficient algorithm to generate a graph from a distribution $\epsilon$-close to $G(n,p)$, in the sense of total variation distance. In particular, if $p$ is represented with $O(\log n)$-bit accuracy, then, with high probability,…

The single- and multi- processor cup games can be used to model natural problems in areas such as processor scheduling, deamortization, and buffer management. At the beginning of the single-processor cup game, $n$ cups are initially empty.…

This paper studies the trade-off between two different kinds of pure exploration: breadth versus depth. The most biased coin problem asks how many total coin flips are required to identify a "heavy" coin from an infinite bag containing both…

Each classical public-coin protocol for coin flipping is naturally associated with a quantum protocol for weak coin flipping. The quantum protocol is obtained by replacing classical randomness with quantum entanglement and by adding a cheat…

Assuming repeated independent sampling from a Bernoulli distribution with two possible outcomes S and F, there are formulas for computing the probability of one specific pattern of consecutive outcomes (such as SSFFSS) winning (i.e. being…