Related papers: There are infinitely many rational Diophantine sex…

Under the assumption of infinitely many Siegel zeroes $s$ with $Re(s)>1-\frac{1}{(\log q)^{R}}$ for a sufficiently large value of $R$, we prove that there exist infinitely many $m$-tuples of primes that are $\ll e^{1.9828m}$ apart. This…

Let $[\,\cdot\,]$ denote the floor function. Assume that $\lambda_1, \lambda_2, \lambda_3, \lambda_4, \lambda_5$ are nonzero real numbers, not all of the same sign, that $\lambda_1/\lambda_2$ is irrational, and that $\eta$ is a real number.…

Integer cuboids are rectangular Diophantine parallelepipeds It has been discovered that these cuboids come in 3 varieties: Euler or body type, edge type, and face type. In all three cases, one edge or diagonal is irrational, all six others…

Using the theory of Diophantine m-tuples, i.e. sets with the property that the product of its any two distinct elements increased by 1 is a perfect square, we construct an elliptic curve over Q(t) of rank at least 4 with three non-trivial…

A perfect Euler cuboid is a rectangular parallelepiped with integer edges and integer face diagonals whose space diagonal is also integer. Such cuboids are not yet discovered and their non-existence is also not proved. Perfect Euler cuboids…

Let $S$ denote a set of primes and let $a_1,\ldots,a_m$ be positive distinct integers. We call the $m$-tuple $(a_1,\ldots,a_m)$ an $S$-Diophantine tuple if $a_ia_j+1=s_{i,j}$ are $S$-integers for all $i\not=j$. In this paper, we show that…

Motivated by the theory of Diophantine $m$-tuples, we study rational points on quadratic twists $H^d:d y^2=(x^2+6x-18)(-x^2+2x+2)$, where $|d|$ is a prime. If we denote by $S(X)=\{ d \in \mathbb{Z}: H^d(\mathbb{Q})\ne \emptyset, |d|…

Rational Diophantine triples, i.e. rationals a,b,c with the property that ab+1, ac+1, bc+1 are perfect squares, are often used in construction of elliptic curves with high rank. In this paper, we consider the opposite problem and ask how…

Let $C$ be a smooth genus one curve described by a quartic polynomial equation over the rational field $\mathbb Q$ with $P\in C(\mathbb Q)$. We give an explicit criterion for the divisibility-by-$2$ of a rational point on the elliptic curve…

For any given positive definite binary quadratic form $Q$ with integer coefficients, we establish two results on Diophantine approximation with integers represented by $Q$. Firstly, we show that for every irrational number $\alpha$, there…

Given quantities $\Delta_1,\Delta_2,\dots\geqslant 0$, a fundamental problem in Diophantine approximation is to understand which irrational numbers $x$ have infinitely many reduced rational approximations $a/q$ such that $|x-a/q|<\Delta_q$.…

The problem of finding perfect Euler cuboids or proving their non-existence is an old unsolved problem in mathematics. The second cuboid conjecture is one of the three propositions suggested as intermediate stages in proving the…

We consider a variety of Euler's conjecture, i.e., whether the Diophantine system \[\begin{cases} n=a_{1}+a_{2}+\cdots+a_{s-1}, a_{1}a_{2}\cdots a_{s-1}(a_{1}+a_{2}+\cdots+a_{s-1})=b^{s} \end{cases}\] has solutions…

Let $n$ be a non-zero integer. A set $S$ of positive integers is a Diophantine tuple with the property $D(n)$ if $ab+n$ is a perfect square for each $a,b \in S$ with $a \neq b$. It is of special interest to estimate the quantity $M_n$, the…

By following the same construction pattern which Martin Davis proposed in a 1968 paper of his, we have obtained six quaternary quartic Diophantine equations that candidate as `rule-them-all' equations: proving that one of them has only a…

Catalan's conjecture claims that the Diophantine equation $x^p-y^q=1$ admits the unique solution $3^2-2^3=1$ in integers $x,y,p,q \ge 2$. The conjecture has been finally proved by P. Mih\u{a}ilescu (2002) using the theory of cyclotomic…

A (positive definite and integral) quadratic form is said to be $\textit{prime-universal}$ if it represents all primes. Recently, Doyle and Williams in [2] classified all prime-universal diagonal ternary quadratic forms, and all…

This is an English translation from the Latin original of Leonhard Euler's ``Solutio facilior problematis Diophantei circa triangulum, in quo rectae ex angulis latera opposita bisecantes rationaliter exprimantur''. In this paper, Euler…

We solve Diophantine equations of the type $ a \, (x^3 \!+ \! y^3 \!+ \! z^3 ) = (x \! + \! y \! + \! z)^3$, where $x,y,z$ are integer variables, and the coefficient $a\neq 0$ is rational. We show that there are infinite families of such…

By using pairs of nontrivial rational solutions of congruent number equation $$ C_N:\;\;y^2=x^3-N^2x, $$ constructed are pairs of rational right (Pythagorean) triangles with one common side and the other sides equal to the sum and…