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Bilateralism is the position according to which assertion and rejection are conceptually independent speech acts. Logical bilateralism demands that systems of logic provide conditions for assertion and rejection that are not reducible to…

Logic · Mathematics 2025-05-06 Victor Barroso-Nascimento , Maria Osório

A proof of quantumness is a type of challenge-response protocol in which a classical verifier can efficiently certify the quantum advantage of an untrusted prover. That is, a quantum prover can correctly answer the verifier's challenges and…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2022-09-21 Zhenning Liu , Alexandru Gheorghiu

We demonstrate that, even when there are moderate overlaps in the inputs of sloppy or accurate double-word addition algorithms in the QD library, these algorithms still guarantee error bounds of $O(u^2(|a|+|b|))$ in faithful rounding.…

Numerical Analysis · Mathematics 2024-04-11 Yuanyuan Yang , XinYu Lyu , Sida He , Xiliang Lu , Ji Qi , Zhihao Li

We propose a refinement of the maxmin approach to robustness. A mechanism's payoff guarantee over an ambiguity set is \emph{robust} if the guarantee is approximately satisfied at priors near the ambiguity set (in the weak topology). We show…

Theoretical Economics · Economics 2026-05-06 Ian Ball , Deniz Kattwinkel

Consider semiparametric estimation where a doubly robust estimating function for a low-dimensional parameter is available, depending on two working models. With high-dimensional data, we develop regularized calibrated estimation as a…

Methodology · Statistics 2020-09-28 Satyajit Ghosh , Zhiqiang Tan

Measuring and managing risk has become crucial in modern decision making under stochastic uncertainty. In two-stage stochastic programming, mean risk models are essentially defined by a parametric recourse problem and a quantification of…

Optimization and Control · Mathematics 2016-11-28 Matthias Claus , Volker Krätschmer , Rüdiger Schultz

We study the binary hypothesis testing problem where an adversary may potentially corrupt a fraction of the samples. The detector is, however, permitted to abstain from making a decision if (and only if) the adversary is present. We…

Information Theory · Computer Science 2025-01-24 Malhar A. Managoli , K. R. Sahasranand , Vinod M. Prabhakaran

Logical paradoxes and inconsistent information pose deep challenges in epistemology and the philosophy of logic. Classical systems typically handle contradictions only through external checks or by altering the logical framework, as in…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2025-12-29 Nikolaos Cheimarios , Spyridoula Cheimariou

We study the adversarial binary hypothesis testing problem in the sequential setting. Associated with each hypothesis is a closed, convex set of distributions. Given the hypothesis, each observation is generated according to a distribution…

Information Theory · Computer Science 2025-11-14 Eeshan Modak , Mayank Bakshi , Bikash Kumar Dey , Vinod M. Prabhakaran

We propose a sound and complete proof rule ProbTA for quantitative analysis of violation probability of probabilistic programs. Our approach extends the technique of trace abstraction with probability in the control-flow randomness style,…

Programming Languages · Computer Science 2022-03-10 Guanyan Li , Zhilei Han , Fei He

The field of defense strategies against adversarial attacks has significantly grown over the last years, but progress is hampered as the evaluation of adversarial defenses is often insufficient and thus gives a wrong impression of…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2020-08-06 Francesco Croce , Matthias Hein

We establish rigorous \emph{a posteriori} error bounds for a space-time finite element method of arbitrary order discretising linear wave problems in second order formulation. The method combines standard finite elements in space and…

Numerical Analysis · Mathematics 2026-04-24 Zhaonan Dong , Emmanuil H. Georgoulis , Lorenzo Mascotto , Zuodong Wang

We propose a robust hypothesis testing procedure for the predictability of multiple predictors that could be highly persistent. Our method improves the popular extended instrumental variable (IVX) testing (Phillips and Lee, 2013; Kostakis…

Methodology · Statistics 2024-01-03 Xiaosai Liao , Xinjue Li , Qingliang Fan

We show that, for any language in NP, there is an entanglement-resistant constant-bit two-prover interactive proof system with a constant completeness vs. soundness gap. The previously proposed classical two-prover constant-bit interactive…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2007-07-13 Richard Cleve , Dmitry Gavinsky , Rahul Jain

Mathematical theorem proving is an important testbed for large language models' deep and abstract reasoning capability. This paper focuses on improving LLMs' ability to write proofs in formal languages that permit automated proof…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-11-05 Kefan Dong , Arvind Mahankali , Tengyu Ma

Pairwise model comparisons drawn from foundation-model benchmarks ("A is safer than B") are read as quantitative verdicts but hinge on harness choices benchmark papers under-specify. We close one theory-benchmark loop on this primitive: a…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-05-26 Yanhang Li , Zhichao Fan , Zexin Zhuang

Learning-to-Defer (L2D) enables hybrid decision-making by routing inputs either to a predictor or to external experts. While promising, L2D is highly vulnerable to adversarial perturbations, which can not only flip predictions but also…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2026-05-29 Yannis Montreuil , Letian Yu , Axel Carlier , Lai Xing Ng , Wei Tsang Ooi

Mayers, Lo and Chau argued that all quantum bit commitment protocols are insecure, because there is no way to prevent an Einstein-Podolsky-Rosen (EPR) cheating attack. However, Yuen presented some protocols which challenged the previous…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2007-05-23 Giacomo Mauro D'Ariano

In this work we study the metric distortion problem in voting theory under a limited amount of ordinal information. Our primary contribution is threefold. First, we consider mechanisms which perform a sequence of pairwise comparisons…

Computer Science and Game Theory · Computer Science 2021-07-07 Ioannis Anagnostides , Dimitris Fotakis , Panagiotis Patsilinakos

Decentralized large language model inference networks require lightweight mechanisms to reward high quality outputs under heterogeneous latency and cost. Proof of Quality provides scalable verification by sampling evaluator nodes that score…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2026-01-30 Arther Tian , Alex Ding , Frank Chen , Simon Wu , Aaron Chan