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Most clinical trials involve the comparison of a new treatment to a control arm (e.g., the standard of care) and the estimation of a treatment effect. External data, including historical clinical trial data and real-world observational…

Methodology · Statistics 2021-03-17 Tianjian Zhou , Yuan Ji

Ensemble learning is a statistical paradigm built on the premise that many weak learners can perform exceptionally well when deployed collectively. The BART method of Chipman et al. (2010) is a prominent example of Bayesian ensemble…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2018-10-08 Veronika Rockova , Enakshi Saha

We develop a semiparametric framework for inference on the mean response in missing-data settings using a corrected posterior distribution. Our approach is tailored to Bayesian Additive Regression Trees (BART), which is a powerful…

Methodology · Statistics 2025-10-21 Christoph Breunig , Ruixuan Liu , Zhengfei Yu

Frequentist and Bayesian methods differ in many aspects, but share some basic optimal properties. In real-life classification and regression problems, situations exist in which a model based on one of the methods is preferable based on some…

Methodology · Statistics 2023-08-29 Tanujit Chakraborty , Gauri Kamat , Ashis Kumar Chakraborty

Regression discontinuity designs (RDD) are widely used for causal inference. In many empirical applications, treatment effects vary substantially with covariates, and ignoring such heterogeneity can lead to misleading conclusions, which…

Methodology · Statistics 2026-03-05 Daisuke Kondo , Shonosuke Sugasawa

Ensembles of decision trees are a useful tool for obtaining for obtaining flexible estimates of regression functions. Examples of these methods include gradient boosted decision trees, random forests, and Bayesian CART. Two potential…

Methodology · Statistics 2018-09-18 Antonio Ricardo Linero , Yun Yang

Healthcare decision-making often requires selecting among treatment options under budget constraints, particularly when one option is more effective but also more costly. Cost-effectiveness analysis (CEA) provides a framework for evaluating…

Econometrics · Economics 2025-07-29 Jonas Esser , Mateus Maia , Judith Bosmans , Johanna van Dongen

Motivated by the remarkable success of Bayesian additive regression trees (BART) in regression modelling, we propose a novel nonparametric Bayesian method, termed Functional BART (FBART), tailored specifically for function-on-scalar…

Methodology · Statistics 2025-06-03 Jiahao Cao , Shiyuan He , Bohai Zhang

Vector autoregressive (VAR) models assume linearity between the endogenous variables and their lags. This assumption might be overly restrictive and could have a deleterious impact on forecasting accuracy. As a solution, we propose…

Econometrics · Economics 2021-03-10 Florian Huber , Luca Rossini

Distribution regression, where the goal is to predict a scalar response from a distribution-valued predictor, arises naturally in settings where observations are grouped and outcomes depend on group-level characteristics rather than on…

Methodology · Statistics 2026-03-09 Antonio R. Linero , Soumyabrata Bose , Jared Murray

Using data collected on almost every 9-12 years old student in Uruguay, we show how to apply Bayesian Additive Regression Trees (BART) with random effects to study performance association with Learning Managment System (LMS) activity and…

Applications · Statistics 2025-07-09 Natalia da Silva , Bruno Tancredi , Ignacio Alvarez-Castro

Bayesian Causal Forests (BCF) is a causal inference machine learning model based on a highly flexible non-parametric regression and classification tool called Bayesian Additive Regression Trees (BART). Motivated by data from the Trends in…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2023-03-10 Nathan McJames , Andrew Parnell , Yong Chen Goh , Ann O'Shea

Contextual bandits are a core technology for personalized mobile health interventions, where decision-making requires adapting to complex, non-linear user behaviors. While Thompson Sampling (TS) is a preferred strategy for these problems,…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2026-02-10 Ruizhe Deng , Bibhas Chakraborty , Ran Chen , Yan Shuo Tan

Motivated by the Acute Respiratory Distress Syndrome Network (ARDSNetwork) ARDS respiratory management (ARMA) trial, we developed a flexible Bayesian machine learning approach to estimate the average causal effect and heterogeneous causal…

Applications · Statistics 2024-10-29 Xinyuan Chen , Michael O. Harhay , Guangyu Tong , Fan Li

We show how to construct the implied copula process of response values from a Bayesian additive regression tree (BART) model with prior on the leaf node variances. This copula process, defined on the covariate space, can be paired with any…

Methodology · Statistics 2026-01-14 Jan Martin Wenkel , Michael Stanley Smith , Nadja Klein

We perform Bayesian optimization using a Gaussian process perspective on Bayesian Additive Regression Trees (BART). Our BART Kernel (BARK) uses tree agreement to define a posterior over piecewise-constant functions, and we explore the space…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-06-09 Toby Boyne , Jose Pablo Folch , Robert M Lee , Behrang Shafei , Ruth Misener

Bayesian Additive Regression Trees (BART) has gained widespread popularity, inspiring numerous extensions across diverse applications. However, relatively little attention has been given to modeling dependent data. To fill this gap, we…

Methodology · Statistics 2025-09-17 Xuetao Lu a , Robert E. McCulloch

We propose a novel "tree-averaging" model that utilizes the ensemble of classification and regression trees (CART). Each constituent tree is estimated with a subset of similar data. We treat this grouping of subsets as Bayesian ensemble…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2014-08-20 Leo L. Duan , John P. Clancy , Rhonda D. Szczesniak

This article proposes Multinomial Probit Bayesian Additive Regression Trees (MPBART) as a multinomial probit extension of BART - Bayesian Additive Regression Trees (Chipman et al (2010)). MPBART is flexible to allow inclusion of predictors…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2016-02-09 Bereket P. Kindo , Hao Wang , Edsel A. Peña

Count-compositional data arise in many different fields, including high-throughput sequencing experiments, ecological surveys, and palaeoclimate studies, where a common, important goal is to understand how covariates relate to the observed…

Methodology · Statistics 2026-04-10 André F. B. Menezes , Andrew C. Parnell , Keefe Murphy