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Liquid xenon (LXe) is a very attractive material as a detection medium for ionization detectors due to its high density, high atomic number, and low energy required to produce electron-ion pairs. Therefore it has been used in several…

We report the preparation of neutron-activated xenon for the calibration of liquid xenon (LXe) detectors. Gamma rays from the decay of xenon metastable states, produced by fast neutron activation, were detected and their activities measured…

Instrumentation and Detectors · Physics 2008-11-26 K. Ni , R. Hasty , T. M. Wongjirad , L. Kastens , A. Manzur , D. N. McKinsey

PETALO (Positron Emission TOF Apparatus with Liquid xenOn) is a project that uses liquid xenon as a scintillation medium, silicon photomultipliers as a readout and fast electronics to provide a significant improvement in PET-TOF technology.…

Instrumentation and Detectors · Physics 2023-11-17 Nerea Salor Iguiñiz

We present the most recent results from XENON100, the current phase of the XENON dark matter search program. XENON100 is a dual phase time-projection chamber operated at the Laboratori Nazionali del Gran Sasso (LNGS) whose ultra-low…

Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics · Physics 2013-05-14 Paolo Beltrame

The XGIS (X and Gamma Imaging Spectrometer) is one of the three instruments onboard the THESEUS mission (ESA M5, currently in Phase-A). Thanks to its wide field of view and good imaging capabilities, it will efficiently detect and localize…

The JSNS$^2$ experiment is aimed to search for sterile neutrino oscillations using a neutrino beam from muon decays at rest. The JSNS$^2$ detector contains 17 tons of 0.1\% gadolinium (Gd) loaded liquid scintillator (LS) as a neutrino…

An 800L liquid xenon scintillation $\gamma$ ray detector is being developed for the MEG experiment which will search for $\mu^+\to\mathrm{e}^+\gamma$ decay at the Paul Scherrer Institut. Absorption of scintillation light of xenon by…

The worldwide race towards direct dark matter detection in the form of Weakly Interacting Massive Particles (WIMPs) has been dramatically accelerated by the remarkable progress and evolution of liquid xenon time projection chambers…

Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics · Physics 2012-06-28 Elena Aprile , XENON1T collaboration

The XENON1T experiment at the Laboratori Nazionali del Gran Sasso is the most sensitive direct detection experiment for dark matter in the form of weakly interacting particles (WIMPs) with masses above $6\,$GeV/$c^2$ scattering off nuclei.…

Instrumentation and Detectors · Physics 2019-11-06 E. Aprile , J. Aalbers , F. Agostini , M. Alfonsi , L. Althueser , F. D. Amaro , V. C. Antochi , F. Arneodo , L. Baudis , B. Bauermeister , L. Bellagamba , M. L. Benabderrahmane , T. Berger , P. A. Breur , A. Brown , E. Brown , S. Bruenner , G. Bruno , R. Budnik , C. Capelli , J. M. R. Cardoso , D. Cichon , D. Coderre , A. P. Colijn , J. Conrad , J. P. Cussonneau , M. P. Decowski , P. de Perio , P. Di Gangi , A. Di Giovanni , S. Diglio , A. Elykov , G. Eurin , J. Fei , A. D. Ferella , A. Fieguth , W. Fulgione , A. Gallo Rosso , M. Galloway , F. Gao , M. Garbini , L. Grandi , Z. Greene , C. Hasterok , E. Hogenbirk , J. Howlett , M. Iacovacci , R. Itay , F. Joerg , S. Kazama , A. Kish , G. Koltman , A. Kopec , H. Landsman , R. F. Lang , L. Levinson , Q. Lin , S. Lindemann , M. Lindner , F. Lombardi , J. A. M. Lopes , E. López Fune , C. Macolino , J. Mahlstedt , A. Manfredini , F. Marignetti , T. Marrodán Undagoitia , J. Masbou , D. Masson , S. Mastroianni , M. Messina , K. Micheneau , K. Miller , A. Molinario , K. Morå , Y. Mosbacher , M. Murra , J. Naganoma , K. Ni , U. Oberlack , K. Odgers , B. Pelssers , R. Peres , F. Piastra , J. Pienaar , V. Pizzella , G. Plante , R. Podviianiuk , H. Qiu , D. Ramírez García , S. Reichard , B. Riedel , A. Rizzo , A. Rocchetti , N. Rupp , J. M. F. dos Santos , G. Sartorelli , N. N. Šarčević , M. Scheibelhut , S. Schindler , J. Schreiner , D. Schulte , M. Schumann , L. Scotto Lavina , M. Selvi , P. Shagin , E. Shockley , M. Silva , H. Simgen , C. Therreau , D. Thers , F. Toschi , G. Trinchero , C. Tunnell , N. Upole , M. Vargas , O. Wack , H. Wang , Z. Wang , Y. Wei , C. Weinheimer , D. Wenz , C. Wittweg , J. Wulf , J. Ye , Y. Zhang , T. Zhu , J. P. Zopounidis

The XENON10 experiment at the Gran Sasso National Laboratory uses a 15 kg xenon dual phase time projection chamber (XeTPC) to search for dark matter weakly interacting massive particles (WIMPs). The detector measures simultaneously the…

As liquid xenon time projection chambers scale to ever-larger sizes, so too do the engineering challenges they pose. We describe a large, flexible, multipurpose test facility capable of supporting the development of a number of key aspects…

Instrumentation and Detectors · Physics 2025-11-14 Evan Angelico , Jacopo Dalmasson , Ralph DeVoe , Giorgio Gratta , Clarke A. Hardy , Brian Lenardo , Lin Si , Marie Vidal , Shuoxing Wu

A detector using liquid Xenon in the scintillation mode is studied for Positron Emission Tomography (PET). The specific design aims at taking full advantage of the liquid Xenon properties. It does feature a promising insensitive to any…

The RELICS (REactor neutrino LIquid xenon Coherent elastic Scattering) experiment aims to detect coherent elastic neutrino-nucleus scattering from reactor antineutrinos using a dual-phase xenon time projection chamber. To validate the…

The design and performance of a 1.2 liter liquid xenon chamber equipped with 7 two-inch photomultiplier tubes, with the purpose of studying the scintillation response of xenon to gamma-rays and neutrons, is described. Measurements with…

The design and performance of the LUX-ZEPLIN (LZ) detector is described as of March 2015 in this Conceptual Design Report. LZ is a second-generation dark-matter detector with the potential for unprecedented sensitivity to weakly interacting…

Instrumentation and Detectors · Physics 2015-10-05 The LZ Collaboration , D. S. Akerib , C. W. Akerlof , D. Yu. Akimov , S. K. Alsum , H. M. Araújo , X. Bai , A. J. Bailey , J. Balajthy , S. Balashov , M. J. Barry , P. Bauer , P. Beltrame , E. P. Bernard , A. Bernstein , T. P. Biesiadzinski , K. E. Boast , A. I. Bolozdynya , E. M. Boulton , R. Bramante , J. H. Buckley , V. V. Bugaev , R. Bunker , S. Burdin , J. K. Busenitz , C. Carels , D. L. Carlsmith , B. Carlson , M. C. Carmona-Benitez , M. Cascella , C. Chan , J. J. Cherwinka , A. A. Chiller , C. Chiller , W. W. Craddock , A. Currie , J. E. Cutter , J. P. da Cunha , C. E. Dahl , S. Dasu , T. J. R. Davison , L. de Viveiros , A. Dobi , J. E. Y. Dobson , E. Druszkiewicz , T. K. Edberg , B. N. Edwards , W. R. Edwards , M. M. Elnimr , W. T. Emmet , C. H. Faham , S. Fiorucci , P. Ford , V. B. Francis , C. Fu , R. J. Gaitskell , N. J. Gantos , V. M. Gehman , R. M. Gerhard , C. Ghag , M. G. D. Gilchriese , B. Gomber , C. R. Hall , A. Harris , S. J. Haselschwardt , S. A. Hertel , M. D. Hoff , B. Holbrook , E. Holtom , D. Q. Huang , T. W. Hurteau , C. M. Ignarra , R. G. Jacobsen , W. Ji , X. Ji , M. Johnson , Y. Ju , K. Kamdin , K. Kazkaz , D. Khaitan , A. Khazov , A. V. Khromov , A. M. Konovalov , E. V. Korolkova , H. Kraus , H. J. Krebs , V. A. Kudryavtsev , A. V. Kumpan , S. Kyre , N. A. Larsen , C. Lee , B. G. Lenardo , K. T. Lesko , F. -T. Liao , J. Lin , A. Lindote , W. H. Lippincott , J. Liu , X. Liu , M. I. Lopes , W. Lorenzon , S. Luitz , P. Majewski , D. C. Malling , A. G. Manalaysay , L. Manenti , R. L. Mannino , D. J. Markley , T. J. Martin , M. F. Marzioni , D. N. McKinsey , D. -M. Mei , Y. Meng , E. H. Miller , J. Mock , M. E. Monzani , J. A. Morad , A. St. J. Murphy , H. N. Nelson , F. Neves , J. A. Nikkel , F. G. O'Neill , J. O'Dell , K. O'Sullivan , M. A. Olevitch , K. C. Oliver-Mallory , K. J. Palladino , M. Pangilinan , S. J. Patton , E. K. Pease , A. Piepke , S. Powell , R. M. Preece , K. Pushkin , B. N. Ratcliff , J. Reichenbacher , L. Reichhart , C. Rhyne , J. P. Rodrigues , H. J. Rose , R. Rosero , J. S. Saba , M. Sarychev , R. W. Schnee , M. S. G. Schubnell , P. R. Scovell , S. Shaw , T. A. Shutt , C. Silva , K. Skarpaas , W. Skulski , V. N. Solovov , P. Sorensen , V. V. Sosnovtsev , I. Stancu , M. R. Stark , S. Stephenson , T. M. Stiegler , T. J. Sumner , K. Sundarnath , M. Szydagis , D. J. Taylor , W. Taylor , B. P. Tennyson , P. A. Terman , K. J. Thomas , J. A. Thomson , D. R. Tiedt , W. H. To , A. Tomás , M. Tripathi , C. E. Tull , L. Tvrznikova , S. Uvarov , J. Va'vra , M. G. D. van der Grinten , J. R. Verbus , C. O. Vuosalo , W. L. Waldron , L. Wang , R. C. Webb , W. -Z. Wei , M. While , D. T. White , T. J. Whitis , W. J. Wisniewski , M. S. Witherell , F. L. H. Wolfs , E. Woods , D. Woodward , S. D. Worm , M. Yeh , J. Yin , S. K. Young , C. Zhang

The interaction of radiation with liquid xenon, inducing both scintillation and ionization signals, is of particular interest for Compton-sequences reconstruction. We report on the development and recent results of a liquid-xenon…

We report on the design and performance of the LUX-ZEPLIN (LZ) "Screener", a small liquid scintillator detector consisting of $\approx 23$ kg of LAB-based gadolinium-loaded liquid scintillator (GdLS) to be used in the LZ Outer Detector. The…

Instrumentation and Detectors · Physics 2019-05-29 S. J. Haselschwardt , S. Shaw , H. N. Nelson , M. S. Witherell , M. Yeh , K. T. Lesko , A. Cole , S. Kyre , D. T. White

The scale of liquid xenon experiments for rare events searching is expanding, which is planned even to fifty tons level. The detector and distillation tower require a reliable cooling source with large cooling power at liquid xenon…

Instrumentation and Detectors · Physics 2025-06-13 Tao Zhan , Jianglai Liu , Yang Liu , Weihao Wu , Binbin Yan , Zhou Wang

The XENON100 experiment, in operation at the Laboratori Nazionali del Gran Sasso in Italy, is designed to search for dark matter WIMPs scattering off 62 kg of liquid xenon in an ultra-low background dual-phase time projection chamber. In…

The Large Underground Xenon (LUX) experiment operates at the Sanford Underground Research Facility to detect nuclear recoils from the hypothetical Weakly Interacting Massive Particles (WIMPs) on a liquid xenon target. Liquid xenon typically…