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Matrix factorization (MF) is a widely used collaborative filtering (CF) algorithm for recommendation systems (RSs), due to its high prediction accuracy, great flexibility and high efficiency in big data processing. However, with the…

Information Retrieval · Computer Science 2026-03-26 Yining Wu , Shengyu Duan , Gaole Sai , Chenhong Cao , Guobing Zou

Positive semidefinite matrix factorization (PSDMF) expresses each entry of a nonnegative matrix as the inner product of two positive semidefinite (psd) matrices. When all these psd matrices are constrained to be diagonal, this model is…

Signal Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2021-07-07 Dana Lahat , Yanbin Lang , Vincent Y. F. Tan , Cédric Févotte

Non-negative matrix factorization (NMF) approximates a given matrix as a product of two non-negative matrices. Multiplicative algorithms deliver reliable results, but they show slow convergence for high-dimensional data and may be stuck…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2014-12-05 Felipe Yanez , Francis Bach

Bayesian matrix factorization (BMF) is a powerful tool for producing low-rank representations of matrices and for predicting missing values and providing confidence intervals. Scaling up the posterior inference for massive-scale matrices is…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2019-02-28 Xiangju Qin , Paul Blomstedt , Eemeli Leppäaho , Pekka Parviainen , Samuel Kaski

Non-negative matrix factorization (NMF) has become a popular method for representing meaningful data by extracting a non-negative basis feature from an observed non-negative data matrix. Some of the unique features of this method in…

Optimization and Control · Mathematics 2022-11-15 Sajad Fathi Hafshejani , Zahra Moaberfard

Nonnegative matrix factorization (NMF) is an effective data representation tool with numerous applications in signal processing and machine learning. However, deploying NMF in a decentralized manner over ad-hoc networks introduces privacy…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2024-03-28 Ehsan Lari , Reza Arablouei , Stefan Werner

Non-negative Matrix Factorization (NMF) is an intensively used technique for obtaining parts-based, lower dimensional and non-negative representation. Researchers in biology, medicine, pharmacy and other fields often prefer NMF over other…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-02-04 Matej Mihelčić , Pauli Miettinen

Given a matrix $M$ (not necessarily nonnegative) and a factorization rank $r$, semi-nonnegative matrix factorization (semi-NMF) looks for a matrix $U$ with $r$ columns and a nonnegative matrix $V$ with $r$ rows such that $UV$ is the best…

Numerical Analysis · Mathematics 2015-10-28 Nicolas Gillis , Abhishek Kumar

Nonnegative matrix factorization (NMF) was popularized as a tool for data mining by Lee and Seung in 1999. NMF attempts to approximate a matrix with nonnegative entries by a product of two low-rank matrices, also with nonnegative entries.…

Information Retrieval · Computer Science 2008-05-02 Michael Biggs , Ali Ghodsi , Stephen Vavasis

Nonnegative matrix factorization (NMF) is a popular data embedding technique. Given a nonnegative data matrix $X$, it aims at finding two lower dimensional matrices, $W$ and $H$, such that $X\approx WH$, where the factors $W$ and $H$ are…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-02-06 Olivier Vu Thanh , Nicolas Gillis

The model described in this paper belongs to the family of non-negative matrix factorization methods designed for data representation and dimension reduction. In addition to preserving the data positivity property, it aims also to preserve…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2022-09-23 Rachid Hedjam , Abdelhamid Abdesselam , Abderrahmane Rahiche , Mohamed Cheriet

Non-Negative Matrix Factorization, NMF, attempts to find a number of archetypal response profiles, or parts, such that any sample profile in the dataset can be approximated by a close profile among these archetypes or a linear combination…

Applications · Statistics 2013-12-19 Paul Fogel

Non-negative matrix factorization (NMF) has proved effective in many clustering and classification tasks. The classic ways to measure the errors between the original and the reconstructed matrix are $l_2$ distance or Kullback-Leibler (KL)…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2014-05-12 Le Li , Jianjun Yang , Kaili Zhao , Yang Xu , Honggang Zhang , Zhuoyi Fan

Learning approaches rely on hyperparameters that impact the algorithm's performance and affect the knowledge extraction process from data. Recently, Nonnegative Matrix Factorization (NMF) has attracted a growing interest as a learning…

Numerical Analysis · Mathematics 2023-06-29 Nicoletta Del Buono , Flavia Esposito , Laura Selicato , Rafal Zdunek

Nonnegative matrix factorization (NMF) is a popular model in the field of pattern recognition. It aims to find a low rank approximation for nonnegative data M by a product of two nonnegative matrices W and H. In general, NMF is NP-hard to…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2021-09-07 Junjun Pan , Michael K. Ng

Matrix factorization (MF) can extract the low-rank features and integrate the information of the data manifold distribution from high-dimensional data, which can consider the nonlinear neighbourhood information. Thus, MF has drawn wide…

Distributed, Parallel, and Cluster Computing · Computer Science 2021-11-24 Zixuan Li , Hao Li , Kenli Li , Fan Wu , Lydia Chen , Keqin Li

Non-negative matrix factorization (NMF) has previously been shown to be a useful decomposition for multivariate data. We interpret the factorization in a new way and use it to generate missing attributes from test data. We provide a joint…

Numerical Analysis · Computer Science 2010-07-05 Mithun Das Gupta

Non-negative matrix factorization (NMF) is a dimensionality reduction technique that has shown promise for analyzing noisy data, especially astronomical data. For these datasets, the observed data may contain negative values due to noise…

Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics · Physics 2024-10-04 Dylan Green , Stephen Bailey

Data often comes in the form of an array or matrix. Matrix factorization techniques attempt to recover missing or corrupted entries by assuming that the matrix can be written as the product of two low-rank matrices. In other words, matrix…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2015-12-16 Gintare Karolina Dziugaite , Daniel M. Roy

Semi-Nonnegative Matrix Factorization (semi-NMF) extends classical Nonnegative Matrix Factorization (NMF) by allowing the basis matrix to contain both positive and negative entries, making it suitable for decomposing data with mixed signs.…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-08-12 Lu Chenggang
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