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This paper introduces persistent homology, which is a powerful tool to characterize the shape of data using the mathematical concept of topology. We explain the fundamental idea of persistent homology from scratch using some examples. We…

Algebraic Topology · Mathematics 2022-05-25 Ippei Obayashi , Takenobu Nakamura , Yasuaki Hiraoka

Topological data analysis (TDA) is an active field of mathematics for quantifying shape in complex data. Standard methods in TDA such as persistent homology (PH) are typically focused on the analysis of data consisting of a single entity…

Over the last two decades, topological data analysis (TDA) has emerged as a very powerful data analytic approach which can deal with various data modalities of varying complexities. One of the most commonly used tools in TDA is persistent…

Methodology · Statistics 2025-12-08 Anass El Yaagoubi Bourakna , Moo K. Chung , Hernando Ombao

Persistent homology is a multiscale method for analyzing the shape of sets and functions from point cloud data arising from an unknown distribution supported on those sets. When the size of the sample is large, direct computation of the…

Topological data analysis (TDA) is a rapidly evolving field in applied mathematics and data science that leverages tools from topology to uncover robust, shape-driven insights in complex datasets. The main workhorse is persistent homology,…

History and Overview · Mathematics 2025-07-29 Zhe Su , Xiang Liu , Layal Bou Hamdan , Vasileios Maroulas , Jie Wu , Gunnar Carlsson , Guo-Wei Wei

Many datasets can be viewed as a noisy sampling of an underlying space, and tools from topological data analysis can characterize this structure for the purpose of knowledge discovery. One such tool is persistent homology, which provides a…

Multiplexed imaging allows multiple cell types to be simultaneously visualised in a single tissue sample, generating unprecedented amounts of spatially-resolved, biological data. In topological data analysis, persistent homology provides…

Quantitative Methods · Quantitative Biology 2025-05-06 Maria Torras-Pérez , Iris H. R. Yoon , Praveen Weeratunga , Ling-Pei Ho , Helen M. Byrne , Ulrike Tillmann , Heather A. Harrington

This paper concerns a theoretical approach that combines topological data analysis (TDA) and sheaf theory. Topological data analysis, a rising field in mathematics and computer science, concerns the shape of the data and has been proven…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2020-12-04 Chuan-Shen Hu , Yu-Min Chung

Persistent homology (PH) has recently emerged as a powerful tool for extracting topological features. Integrating PH into machine learning and deep learning models enhances topology awareness and interpretability. However, most PH methods…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-01-05 Xinyang Chen , Amaël Broustet , Guanyuan Zeng , Cheng He , Guoting Chen

The Persistent Homology Transform (PHT) was introduced in the field of Topological Data Analysis about 10 years ago, and has since been proven to be a very powerful descriptor of Euclidean shapes. The PHT consists of scanning a shape from…

Algebraic Topology · Mathematics 2024-12-25 Adam Onus , Nina Otter , Renata Turkes

Topological data analysis (TDA) aims to extract noise-robust features from a data set by examining the number and persistence of holes in its topology. We show that a computational problem closely related to a core task in TDA --…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2024-10-29 Casper Gyurik , Alexander Schmidhuber , Robbie King , Vedran Dunjko , Ryu Hayakawa

Persistent homology, a technique from computational topology, has recently shown strong empirical performance in the context of graph classification. Being able to capture long range graph properties via higher-order topological features,…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-12-20 Rubén Ballester , Bastian Rieck

We propose a unified framework based on persistent homology (PH) to characterize both local and global structures in disordered systems. It can simultaneously generate local and global descriptors using the same algorithm and data…

Disordered Systems and Neural Networks · Physics 2025-11-03 An Wang , Li Zou

Persistent Homology (PH) has been successfully used to train networks to detect curvilinear structures and to improve the topological quality of their results. However, existing methods are very global and ignore the location of topological…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2022-12-27 Doruk Oner , Adélie Garin , Mateusz Koziński , Kathryn Hess , Pascal Fua

Persistent homology is an important methodology in topological data analysis which adapts theory from algebraic topology to data settings. Computing persistent homology produces persistence diagrams, which have been successfully used in…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2026-01-13 Yueqi Cao , Anthea Monod

Persistent homology (PH) is a relatively new field in applied mathematics that studies the components and shapes of discrete data. In this work, we demonstrate that PH can be used as a universal framework to identify phases in spin models,…

Statistical Mechanics · Physics 2020-12-11 Bart Olsthoorn , Johan Hellsvik , Alexander V. Balatsky

Persistent Homology is a widely used topological data analysis tool that creates a concise description of the topological properties of a point cloud based on a specified filtration. Most filtrations used for persistent homology depend…

Algebraic Topology · Mathematics 2024-06-05 Vincent P. Grande , Michael T. Schaub

Computational topology provides a tool, persistent homology, to extract quantitative descriptors from structured objects (images, graphs, point clouds, etc). These descriptors can then be involved in optimization problems, typically as a…

Computational Geometry · Computer Science 2026-03-27 Mathieu Carriere , Yuichi Ike , Théo Lacombe , Naoki Nishikawa

Persistent homology is a popular computational tool for analyzing the topology of point clouds, such as the presence of loops or voids. However, many real-world datasets with low intrinsic dimensionality reside in an ambient space of much…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-11-01 Sebastian Damrich , Philipp Berens , Dmitry Kobak

The analysis of nonlinear dynamics is an important issue in numerous fields of science. In this study, we propose a new method to analyze the time series data using persistent homology (PH). The key idea is the application of PH to the…

Data Analysis, Statistics and Probability · Physics 2023-04-04 Takashi Ichinomiya