Related papers: Orbital Angular Momentum and Generalized Transvers…
We prove that the {\em gauge dependent} gluon spin, gluon and quark orbital angular momenta operators have {\em gauge invariant} expectation values on hadron states with {\em definite} momentum and polarization, therefore the conventional…
We perform an analysis of the quark angular momentum in a light-cone representation by taking into account the effect due to the Melosh-Wigner rotation and find that there is a relativistic correction factor connecting the quark orbital…
Several possibilities to relate the $t$-dependence of Generalized Parton Distributions (GPDs) to the distribution of angular momentum in the transverse plane are discussed. Using a simple spectator model we demonstrate that non of them…
We determine within lattice QCD, the nucleon spin carried by valence and sea quarks, and gluons. The calculation is performed using an ensemble of gauge configurations with two degenerate light quarks with mass fixed to approximately…
We discuss two different definitions of partonic orbital angular momentum given in the literature in terms of the Fourier transform of a Wigner distribution, $F_{14}$, and a twist three generalized parton distribution, $\tilde{E}_{2T}$,…
We present a general analysis of the orbital angular momentum (OAM) distribution of gluons $L_g(x)$ inside the nucleon with particular emphasis on the small-$x$ region. We derive a novel operator representation of $L_g(x)$ in terms of…
This two-paper series addresses and fixes the long-standing gauge invariance problem of angular momentum in gauge theories. This QED part reveals: 1) The spin and orbital angular momenta of electrons and photons can all be consistently…
We study the orbital angular momentum structure of the quarks inside the proton. By employing the light-cone diquark model and the overlap representation formalism, we calculate the chiral-even generalized parton distribution functions…
An angular momentum operator in loop quantum gravity is defined using spherically symmetric states as a non-rotating reference system. It can be diagonalized simultaneously with the area operator and has the familiar spectrum. The operator…
The orbital angular momentum is one of the least understood of the spin characteristics of a proton. There are no direct ways to model the orbital angular momentum. However, the Jz=1/2 sum rule includes an angular momentum component and can…
We investigate the quark orbital angular momentum of the nucleon in the absence of gauge-field degrees of freedom, by using the concept of the Wigner distribution and the light-cone wave functions of the Fock state expansion of the nucleon.…
In this short note the QED extension of the nucleon spin sum rule is considered. To this end, the leading-order (LO) QED evolution kernels for the quark/gluon helicity and orbital-angular-momentum (OAM) distributions are calculated, as well…
We discuss the quark phase-space or Wigner distributions of the nucleon which combine in a single picture all the information contained in the generalized parton distributions and the transverse-momentum dependent parton distributions. In…
The fundamental program in high energy spin physics focuses on the spin structure of the nucleon. The gluon and orbital angular momentum components of the nucleon spin are virtually unknown. The J_z=1/2 sum rule involves the integrated…
We argue that due to parity constraints, the helicity combination of the purely momentum space counterparts of the Wigner distributions -- the generalized transverse momentum distributions -- that describes the configuration of an…
The leading Generalized Transverse Momentum Dependent parton distributions (GTMDs) are studied in the bag model. The model description is shown to be theoretically consistent. The orbital angular momentum is studied in terms of the GTMD…
The proton spin crisis still remains an unsolved problem in particle physics. It is suggested in the literature that the gauge invariant spin and orbital angular momentum of the quark and the gauge invariant total angular momentum of the…
Since the announcement of the proton spin crisis by the European Muon Collaboration there has been considerable progress in unravelling the distribution of spin and orbital angular momentum within the proton. We review the current status of…
The gravitational energy-momentum and angular momentum satisfy the algebra of the Poincare group in the full phase space of the teleparallel equivalent of general relativity. The expression for the gravitational energy-momentum may be…
The evolution of orbital angular momentum distributions within the radiative parton model is studied. We use different scenarios for the helicity weighted parton distributions and consider a broad range of input distributions for orbital…