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Linear approximation commonly used in solving alternating-current optimal power flow (AC-OPF) simplifies the system models but incurs accumulated voltage errors in large power networks. Such errors will make the primal-dual type gradient…

Optimization and Control · Mathematics 2023-06-08 Heng Liang , Xinyang Zhou , Changhong Zhao

The optimal power flow (OPF) problem is one of the most fundamental problems in power system operations. The non-linear alternating current (AC) power flow equations that model different physical laws (together with operational constraints)…

Optimization and Control · Mathematics 2023-12-08 M. H. M. Christianen , S. van Kempen , M. Vlasiou , B. Zwart

A semidefinite programming (SDP) relaxation globally solves many optimal power flow (OPF) problems. For other OPF problems where the SDP relaxation only provides a lower bound on the objective value rather than the globally optimal decision…

Optimization and Control · Mathematics 2016-04-05 Daniel K. Molzahn , Cédric Josz , Ian A. Hiskens , Patrick Panciatici

Solving the nonlinear AC optimal power flow (AC OPF) problem remains a major computational bottleneck for real-time grid operations. In this paper, we propose a residual learning paradigm that uses fast DC optimal power flow (DC OPF)…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-10-21 Muhy Eddin Za'ter , Bri-Mathias Hodge , Kyri Baker

Optimal power flow (OPF) is a central problem in the operation of electric power systems. An OPF problem optimizes a specified objective function subject to constraints imposed by both the non-linear power flow equations and engineering…

Optimization and Control · Mathematics 2018-04-13 Mohammad Rasoul Narimani , Daniel K. Molzahn Dan Wu , Mariesa L. Crow

Learning to solve the Alternating Current Optimal Power Flow (AC-OPF) problem by neural networks (NNs) is a promising approach in real-time applications. Existing methods to ensure the physical feasibility of NN outputs embed a power flow…

Computational Engineering, Finance, and Science · Computer Science 2026-05-12 Jiebao Zhang , Haoyu Yan , Zhichao Sheng , Hongwen Yu , Shuang Ye , Haoyu Wang , Ye Shi

This paper presents a fractional approximation of the AC optimal power flow (AC OPF) problem based on an all-pass approximation of the exponential power flow kernel. The classical AC OPF relies on trigonometric coupling between bus voltage…

Systems and Control · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2026-01-22 Milad Hasanzadeh , Amin Kargarian , Javad Lavaei

The energy transition is driving the integration of large shares of intermittent power sources in the electric power grid. Therefore, addressing the AC optimal power flow (AC-OPF) effectively becomes increasingly essential. The AC-OPF,…

Systems and Control · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2024-10-08 Anna Varbella , Damien Briens , Blazhe Gjorgiev , Giuseppe Alessio D'Inverno , Giovanni Sansavini

The Optimal Power Flow (OPF) problem is integral to the functioning of power systems, aiming to optimize generation dispatch while adhering to technical and operational constraints. These constraints are far from straightforward; they…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-10-10 Andrew Rosemberg , Mathieu Tanneau , Bruno Fanzeres , Joaquim Garcia , Pascal Van Hentenryck

The effective management of stochastic characteristics of renewable power generations is vital for ensuring the stable and secure operation of power systems. This paper addresses the task of optimizing the chance-constrained…

Systems and Control · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2024-01-05 Yuanxi Wu , Zhi Wu , Yijun Xu , Huan Long , Wei Gu , Shu Zheng , Jingtao Zhao

We present a novel, practical, and provable approach for solving diagonally constrained semi-definite programming (SDP) problems at scale using accelerated non-convex programming. Our algorithm non-trivially combines acceleration motions…

Optimization and Control · Mathematics 2023-02-07 Junhyung Lyle Kim , JA Lara Benitez , Mohammad Taha Toghani , Cameron Wolfe , Zhiwei Zhang , Anastasios Kyrillidis

DC Optimal Power Flow (DCOPF) is a key operational tool for power system operators, and it is embedded as a subproblem in many challenging optimization problems (e.g., line switching). However, traditional CPU-based solve routines (e.g.,…

Systems and Control · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2024-09-26 Seide Saba Rafiei , Samuel Chevalier

Optimized Pulse Patterns (OPPs) are gaining increasing popularity in the power electronics community over the well-studied pulse width modulation due to their inherent ability to provide the switching instances that optimize current…

Optimization and Control · Mathematics 2020-10-29 Lukas Wachter , Orcun Karaca , Georgios Darivianakis , Themistoklis Charalambous

The proliferation of distributed energy resources (DERs) im-poses new challenges to distribution system operation, e.g., power quality issues. To overcome these challenges and enhance system operation, it is critical to effectively utilize…

Systems and Control · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2022-09-14 Mingyue He , Zahra Soltani , Mohammad Ghaljehei , Masoud Esmaili , Shanshan Ma , Mengxi Chen , Mojdeh Khorsand , Raja Ayyanar , Vijay Vittal

Optimal Power Flow (OPF) is a core optimization problem in power system operation and planning, aiming to minimize generation costs while satisfying physical constraints such as power flow equations, generator limits, and voltage limits.…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-12-02 Xuezhi Liu

It has been recently proven that the semidefinite programming (SDP) relaxation of the optimal power flow problem over radial networks is exact under technical conditions such as not including generation lower bounds or allowing load…

Optimization and Control · Mathematics 2015-10-19 Burak Kocuk , Santanu S. Dey , X. Andy Sun

We propose a hidden convexity-based method to address distributed optimal energy flow (OEF) problems for transmission-level integrated electricity-gas systems. First, we develop a node-wise decoupling method to de-compose an OEF problem…

Optimization and Control · Mathematics 2024-07-09 Rong-Peng Liu , Yue Song , Junhong Liu , Xiaozhe Wang , Jinpeng Guo , Yunhe Hou

The penetration of distributed energy resources (DERs) is increasing dramatically. Due to the uncertainty of DERs, the operation of the distribution system is facing higher risks and challenges. To overcome such challenges, a two-stage…

Systems and Control · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2020-05-07 Mingyue He , Zahra Soltani , Mojdeh Khorsand

An optimization problem considering AC power flow constraints and integer decision variables can usually be posed as a mixed-integer quadratically constrained quadratic program (MIQCQP) problem. In this paper, first, a set of valid linear…

Optimization and Control · Mathematics 2015-09-18 Qifeng Li

Optimal power flow (OPF) is a fundamental tool for analyzing the characteristics of bipolar DC distribution network (DCDN). However, existing OPF models face challenges in reflecting the power distribution and exchange of bipolar DCDN…

Systems and Control · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2023-07-06 Yiyao Zhou , Qianggang Wang , Yuan Chi , Jianquan Liao , Tao Huang , Niancheng Zhou , Xiaolong Xu , Xuefei Zhang