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In light of G\"{o}del's undecidability results (incomplete theorems) for math, quantum indeterminism indicates that physics and the Universe may be indeterministic, incomplete, and open in nature, and therefore demand no single unification…

General Physics · Physics 2020-03-11 Wanpeng Tan

A 4-dimensional Lorentzian static space-time is equivalent to 3-dimensional Euclidean gravity coupled to a massless Klein-field. By canonically quantizing the coupling model in the framework of loop quantum gravity, we obtain a quantum…

General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology · Physics 2009-11-07 Yongge Ma

Noticing that really the fermions of the Standard Model are best thought of as Weyl - rather than Dirac - particles (relative to fundamental scales located at some presumably very high energies) it becomes interesting that the experimental…

High Energy Physics - Theory · Physics 2009-09-25 Holger Bech Nielsen , Svend Erik Rugh

We propose a model for a power-counting renormalizable field theory living in a fractal spacetime. The action is Lorentz covariant and equipped with a Stieltjes measure. The system flows, even in a classical sense, from an ultraviolet…

High Energy Physics - Theory · Physics 2015-03-13 Gianluca Calcagni

The world is four-dimensional according to fundamental physics, governed by basic laws that operate in a spacetime that has no unique division into space and time. Yet our subjective experience is divided into present, past, and future.…

General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology · Physics 2009-11-10 James B. Hartle

The reader surely knows what particles physics is about: finding building blocks of nature that appear elementary at a given time and study their interactions - so why in the world this essay? The problem is how to arrive at a fundamental…

High Energy Physics - Phenomenology · Physics 2025-04-21 Goran Senjanović

We study an analytical solution to the Einstein's equations in 2+1-dimensions. The space-time is dynamical and has a line symmetry. The matter content is a minimally coupled, massless, scalar field. Depending on the value of certain…

General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology · Physics 2015-06-25 G. Oliveira-Neto

In the spherically symmetric case the requirements of regularity of density and pressures and finiteness of the ADM mass $m$, together with the weak energy condition, define the family of asymptotically flat globally regular solutions to…

High Energy Physics - Theory · Physics 2007-05-23 Irina Dymnikova

The Standard Model of particle physics may seem complicated and arbitrary, but it has hidden patterns that are revealed by the relationship between three "grand unified theories": theories that unify forces and particles by extending the…

High Energy Physics - Theory · Physics 2011-09-28 John C. Baez , John Huerta

There must exist a reformulation of quantum field theory which does not refer to classical time. We propose a pre-quantum, pre-spacetime theory, which is a matrix-valued Lagrangian dynamics for gravity, Yang-Mills fields, and fermions. The…

General Physics · Physics 2022-02-16 Tejinder P. Singh

Recently, a gauge theory of unified gravity [Rep. Prog. Phys. 88, 057802 (2025)] has been developed to extend the Standard Model to include gravity. Here we present unified gravity using the ordinary four-vector and tensor field notation of…

General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology · Physics 2025-08-12 Mikko Partanen , Jukka Tulkki

The Standard Model of elementary particles is a theory unifying three of the four basic forces of the Nature: electromagnetic, weak, and strong interactions. In this paper we consider the Standard Model in the presence of a classical…

Differential Geometry · Mathematics 2007-05-23 Ruslan Sharipov

Conventional quantum field theory is a method for studying structureless elementary particles. Non-elementary particles, on the other hand, are those with internal structure or particles that are made up of elementary constituents like the…

General Physics · Physics 2024-03-14 A. D. Alhaidari

A Cantorian fractal spacetime, a family member of von Neumann's noncommutative geometry is introduced as a geometry underlying a new relativity theory which is similar to the relation between general relativity and Riemannian geometry.…

High Energy Physics - Theory · Physics 2011-12-10 Carlos Castro , Alex Granik , M. S. El Naschie

The cosmic vacuum is the wavefunction of the eleven dimensional Planck supermembrane. The Planck wavefunction is the superposition of dimensions from eleven to four dimensional spacetime with decreasing energy and increasing size. The…

General Physics · Physics 2007-05-23 Ding-Yu Chung

The original Dirac Equation is modified in the simplest imaginable and most trivial manner to include a universal 4-Vector Cosmological Field term in the space and time dimensions. This cosmological field leads to a modified Dirac Equation…

General Physics · Physics 2009-05-05 G. G. Nyambuya

In this Letter, we propose a new scenario emerging from the conjectured presence of a minimal length $\ell$ in the spacetime fabric, on the one side, and the existence of a new scale invariant, continuous mass spectrum, of un-particles on…

High Energy Physics - Theory · Physics 2010-12-23 Piero Nicolini , Euro Spallucci

The space time that is used in relativistic Quantum Mechanics and Quantum Field Theory is the Minkowski space time. Yet, as pointed out by several scholars this classical space time is incompatible with the Heisenberg Uncertainity…

General Physics · Physics 2007-05-23 B. G. Sidharth

We present a model in which elementary particles and forces are unified in the framework of quantum field theory in higher dimensions. The particles include gauge bosons, quarks and leptons, as well as the Higgs bosons and the forces…

High Energy Physics - Phenomenology · Physics 2010-11-19 Ilia Gogoladze , Yukihiro Mimura , S. Nandi

The picture of space-time that Minkowski created in 1907 has been followed by two important developments in physics not contained in the original picture: general relativity and quantum mechanics. We will argue that the use of concepts of…

General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology · Physics 2013-02-22 Rodolfo Gambini , Jorge Pullin