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In this study, we report on techniques and analyses that enable us to capture Internet-wide activity at individual IP address-level granularity by relying on server logs of a large commercial content delivery network (CDN) that serves close…

Networking and Internet Architecture · Computer Science 2016-09-12 Philipp Richter , Georgios Smaragdakis , David Plonka , Arthur Berger

The IPv4 address space is small enough to allow exhaustive active measurement, permitting important insight into Internet growth, policy, and evolution. The IPv6 address space, on the other hand, presents the problem that we can no longer…

Networking and Internet Architecture · Computer Science 2017-10-25 Stephen D. Strowes

Active network measurements constitute an impor- tant part in gaining a better understanding of the Internet. Although IPv4-wide scans are now easily possible, random active probing is infeasible in the IPv6 Internet. Therefore, we propose…

Networking and Internet Architecture · Computer Science 2016-07-19 Oliver Gasser , Quirin Scheitle , Sebastian Gebhard , Georg Carle

Existing methods for active topology discovery within the IPv6 Internet largely mirror those of IPv4. In light of the large and sparsely populated address space, in conjunction with aggressive ICMPv6 rate limiting by routers, this work…

Networking and Internet Architecture · Computer Science 2018-10-11 Robert Beverly , Ramakrishnan Durairajan , David Plonka , Justin P. Rohrer

Network measurements are an important tool in understanding the Internet. Due to the expanse of the IPv6 address space, exhaustive scans as in IPv4 are not possible for IPv6. In recent years, several studies have proposed the use of target…

Networking and Internet Architecture · Computer Science 2018-10-01 Oliver Gasser , Quirin Scheitle , Pawel Foremski , Qasim Lone , Maciej Korczynski , Stephen D. Strowes , Luuk Hendriks , Georg Carle

While scans of the IPv4 space are ubiquitous, today little is known about scanning activity in the IPv6 Internet. In this work, we present a longitudinal and detailed empirical study on large-scale IPv6 scanning behavior in the Internet,…

Networking and Internet Architecture · Computer Science 2022-10-20 Philipp Richter , Oliver Gasser , Arthur Berger

Linking the growing IPv6 deployment to existing IPv4 addresses is an interesting field of research, be it for network forensics, structural analysis, or reconnaissance. In this work, we focus on classifying pairs of server IPv6 and IPv4…

Networking and Internet Architecture · Computer Science 2017-05-03 Quirin Scheitle , Oliver Gasser , Minoo Rouhi , Georg Carle

Since the lack of IPv6 network development, China is currently accelerating IPv6 deployment. In this scenario, traffic and network structure show a huge shift. However, due to the long-term prosperity, we are ignorant of the problems behind…

Networking and Internet Architecture · Computer Science 2022-04-21 Tianyu Cui , Chang Liu , Gaopeng Gou , Junzheng Shi , Gang Xiong

In this paper, we introduce Entropy/IP: a system that discovers Internet address structure based on analyses of a subset of IPv6 addresses known to be active, i.e., training data, gleaned by readily available passive and active means. The…

Networking and Internet Architecture · Computer Science 2016-11-22 Pawel Foremski , David Plonka , Arthur Berger

Internet censorship impacts large segments of the Internet, but so far, prior work has focused almost exclusively on performing measurements using IPv4. As the Internet grows, and more users connect, IPv6 is increasingly supported and…

Networking and Internet Architecture · Computer Science 2025-08-12 Ian Martiny , Hammas Bin Tanveer , Jack Wampler , Rishab Nithyanand , Eric Wustrow

IPv6 activity is commonly reported as a fraction of network traffic per day. Within this traffic, however, are daily and weekly characteristics, driven by non-uniform IPv6 deployment across ISPs and regions. This paper discusses some of the…

Networking and Internet Architecture · Computer Science 2016-07-19 Stephen D. Strowes

IPv6's large address space allows ample freedom for choosing and assigning addresses. To improve client privacy and resist IP-based tracking, standardized techniques leverage this large address space, including privacy extensions and…

Networking and Internet Architecture · Computer Science 2021-12-21 Erik C. Rye , Robert Beverly , kc claffy

Internet censorship continues to impact billions of people worldwide, and measurement of it remains an important focus of research. However, most Internet censorship measurements have focused solely on the IPv4 Internet infrastructure. Yet,…

Networking and Internet Architecture · Computer Science 2025-08-12 Jack Wampler , Hammas Bin Tanveer , Rishab Nithyanand , Eric Wustrow

As IPv6 deployment accelerates, understanding the evolving security posture of network peripheries becomes increasingly important. A DSN 2021 study introduced the first large-scale discovery of IPv6 network peripheries, uncovering risks…

Networking and Internet Architecture · Computer Science 2026-04-23 Zixuan Xie , Zitao Yang , Shurui Fang , Zhaoyang Li , Wenxing Xie , Nannan Fu , Liangyu Dong , Xiang Li

One challenge in understanding the evolution of Internet infrastructure is the lack of systematic mechanisms for monitoring the extent to which allocated IP addresses are actually used. In this paper we try to advance the science of…

Networking and Internet Architecture · Computer Science 2014-11-03 Alberto Dainotti , Karyn Benson , Alistair King , kc claffy , Eduard Glatz , Xenofontas Dimitropoulos , Philipp Richter , Alessandro Finamore , Alex C. Snoeren

Captures of IP traffic contain much information on very different kinds of activities like file transfers, users interacting with remote systems, automatic backups, or distributed computations. Identifying such activities is crucial for an…

Networking and Internet Architecture · Computer Science 2016-07-05 Tiphaine Viard , Matthieu Latapy

Twelve years have passed since World IPv6 Launch Day, but what is the current state of IPv6 deployment? Prior work has examined IPv6 status as a binary: can a user do any IPv6? As deployment increases, we must consider a more nuanced,…

Networking and Internet Architecture · Computer Science 2025-10-13 Sulyab Thottungal Valapu , John Heidemann

Scanners are daily visitors of public IPv4 hosts. Scanning IPv6 nodes successfully is still a challenge, which an increasing crowd of actors tries to master. In this paper, we analyze current IPv6 scanning under various network conditions.…

Networking and Internet Architecture · Computer Science 2025-09-17 Isabell Egloff , Raphael Hiesgen , Maynard Koch , Thomas C. Schmidt , Matthias Wählisch

The different level of interest in deploying the new Internet address space across network operators has kept IPv6 tardy in its deployment. However, since the last block of IPv4 addresses has been assigned, Internet communities took the…

Networking and Internet Architecture · Computer Science 2014-02-18 Juhoon Kim , Nadi Sarrar , Anja Feldmann

The long-running IPv6 Hitlist service is an important foundation for IPv6 measurement studies. It helps to overcome infeasible, complete address space scans by collecting valuable, unbiased IPv6 address candidates and regularly testing…

Networking and Internet Architecture · Computer Science 2022-09-21 Johannes Zirngibl , Lion Steger , Patrick Sattler , Oliver Gasser , Georg Carle
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