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We present an $\tilde{O}(n^{2/3}/\epsilon^2)$-query algorithm that tests whether an unknown Boolean function $f\colon\{0,1\}^n\rightarrow \{0,1\}$ is unate (i.e., every variable is either non-decreasing or non-increasing) or $\epsilon$-far…

Data Structures and Algorithms · Computer Science 2019-04-11 Xi Chen , Erik Waingarten

We prove the following conjecture, raised by Aaronson and Ambainis in 2008: Let $f:\{-1,1\}^n \rightarrow [-1,1]$ be a multilinear polynomial of degree $d$. Then there exists a variable $x_i$ whose influence on $f$ is at least…

Computational Complexity · Computer Science 2019-12-03 Nathan Keller , Ohad Klein

We give new quantum algorithms for evaluating composed functions whose inputs may be shared between bottom-level gates. Let $f$ be an $m$-bit Boolean function and consider an $n$-bit function $F$ obtained by applying $f$ to conjunctions of…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2021-09-22 Mark Bun , Robin Kothari , Justin Thaler

We study when partial Boolean functions can (and cannot) exhibit superpolynomial quantum query speedups, and develop a general framework for ruling out such speedups via two complementary lenses: promise-aware complexity measures and…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2026-04-01 Thomas Huffstutler , Upendra Kapshikar , David Miloschewsky , Supartha Podder

We present two new results about exact learning by quantum computers. First, we show how to exactly learn a $k$-Fourier-sparse $n$-bit Boolean function from $O(k^{1.5}(\log k)^2)$ uniform quantum examples for that function. This improves…

Lin and Lin have recently shown how starting with a classical query algorithm (decision tree) for a function, we may find upper bounds on its quantum query complexity. More precisely, they have shown that given a decision tree for a…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2020-03-04 Salman Beigi , Leila Taghavi

We achieve essentially the largest possible separation between quantum and classical query complexities. We do so using a property-testing problem called Forrelation, where one needs to decide whether one Boolean function is highly…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2014-11-24 Scott Aaronson , Andris Ambainis

We consider Quantum OBDD model. It is restricted version of read-once Quantum Branching Programs, with respect to "width" complexity. It is known that maximal complexity gap between deterministic and quantum model is exponential. But there…

Computational Complexity · Computer Science 2024-04-02 Kamil Khadiev , Aliya Khadieva

We establish two results regarding the query complexity of bounded-error randomized algorithms. * Bounded-error separation theorem. There exists a total function $f : \{0,1\}^n \to \{0,1\}$ whose $\epsilon$-error randomized query complexity…

Computational Complexity · Computer Science 2019-08-06 Eric Blais , Joshua Brody

Given a Boolean function f, we study two natural generalizations of the certificate complexity C(f): the randomized certificate complexity RC(f) and the quantum certificate complexity QC(f). Using Ambainis' adversary method, we exactly…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2007-05-23 Scott Aaronson

It is well known that quantum, randomized and deterministic (sequential) query complexities are polynomially related for total boolean functions. We find that significantly larger separations between the parallel generalizations of these…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2025-03-13 Joseph Carolan , Amin Shiraz Gilani , Mahathi Vempati

The approximate degree of a Boolean function f is the least degree of a real polynomial that approximates f pointwise to error at most 1/3. Approximate degree is known to be a lower bound on quantum query complexity. We resolve or nearly…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2019-08-20 Mark Bun , Robin Kothari , Justin Thaler

We provide two sufficient and necessary conditions to characterize any $n$-bit partial Boolean function with exact quantum 1-query complexity. Using the first characterization, we present all $n$-bit partial Boolean functions that depend on…

Computational Complexity · Computer Science 2021-02-24 Guoliang Xu , Daowen Qiu

Based on the recent breakthrough of Huang (2019), we show that for any total Boolean function $f$, $\bullet \quad \mathrm{deg}(f) = O(\widetilde{\mathrm{deg}}(f)^2)$: The degree of $f$ is at most quadratic in the approximate degree of $f$.…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2020-10-27 Scott Aaronson , Shalev Ben-David , Robin Kothari , Shravas Rao , Avishay Tal

We study the extremal Forrelation problem, where, provided with oracle access to Boolean functions $f$ and $g$ promised to satisfy either $\textrm{forr}(f,g)=1$ or $\textrm{forr}(f,g)=-1$, one must determine (with high probability) which of…

Computational Complexity · Computer Science 2026-02-10 Clément L. Canonne , Kenny Chen , Julián Mestre

It is known since the work of [AA14] that for any permutation symmetric function $f$, the quantum query complexity is at most polynomially smaller than the classical randomized query complexity, more precisely that $R(f) =…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2018-10-04 André Chailloux

We establish a lower bound of $\Omega{(\sqrt{n})}$ on the bounded-error quantum query complexity of read-once Boolean functions, providing evidence for the conjecture that $\Omega(\sqrt{D(f)})$ is a lower bound for all Boolean functions.…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2007-05-23 Howard Barnum , Michael Saks

For a (possibly partial) Boolean function $f\colon\{0,1\}^n\to\{0,1\}$ as well as a query complexity measure $M$ which maps Boolean functions to real numbers, define the composition limit of $M$ on $f$ by $M^*(f)=\lim_{k\to\infty}…

Computational Complexity · Computer Science 2026-01-14 Bandar Al-Dhalaan , Shalev Ben-David

This work studies the quantum query complexity of Boolean functions in a scenario where it is only required that the query algorithm succeeds with a probability strictly greater than 1/2. We show that, just as in the communication…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2016-05-25 Ashley Montanaro , Harumichi Nishimura , Rudy Raymond

We show a power 2.5 separation between bounded-error randomized and quantum query complexity for a total Boolean function, refuting the widely believed conjecture that the best such separation could only be quadratic (from Grover's…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2019-07-10 Scott Aaronson , Shalev Ben-David , Robin Kothari