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Scalar-tensor theories of gravity generally violate the strong equivalence principle, namely compact objects have a suppressed coupling to the scalar force, causing them to fall slower. A black hole is the extreme example where such a…

Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics · Physics 2017-08-02 Jeremy Sakstein , Bhuvnesh Jain , Jeremy S. Heyl , Lam Hui

Supermassive black holes have been discovered at the centers of galaxies, and also in globular clusters. The data shows correlations between the black hole mass and the elliptical galaxy mass or globular cluster mass. It is shown that this…

General Physics · Physics 2007-05-23 Reginald T. Cahill

Observational work conducted over the last few decades indicates that all massive galaxies have supermassive black holes at their centres. Although the luminosities and brightness fluctuations of quasars in the early Universe suggest that…

Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics · Physics 2011-12-07 Nicholas J. McConnell , Chung-Pei Ma , Karl Gebhardt , Shelley A. Wright , Jeremy D. Murphy , Tod R. Lauer , James R. Graham , Douglas O. Richstone

Massive black holes are thought to reside at the centres of many galaxies, where they power quasars and active galactic nuclei. But most galaxies are quiescent, indicating that any central massive black hole present will be starved of fuel…

Astrophysics · Physics 2009-10-30 R. P. van der Marel , P. T. de Zeeuw , H. W. Rix , G. D. Quinlan

The Event Horizon Telescope (EHT), a global very long baseline interferometric array observing at a wavelength of 1.3 mm, detected the first image of the M87 supermassive black hole (SMBH). M87 is a giant elliptical galaxy at the center of…

Astrophysics of Galaxies · Physics 2019-07-17 Mohammadtaher Safarzadeh , Abraham Loeb , Mark Reid

All massive galaxies likely have supermassive black holes at their centers, and the masses of the black holes are known to correlate with properties of the host galaxy bulge component. Several explanations have been proposed for the…

Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics · Physics 2012-11-29 Remco C. E. van den Bosch , Karl Gebhardt , Kayhan Gültekin , Glenn van de Ven , Arjen van der Wel , Jonelle L. Walsh

Models of superdense star clusters at the center of galaxies are investigated to see whether such objects can be stable and long-lived based on evaporation and collision time-scales and stability criteria. We find that physically reasonable…

Astrophysics · Physics 2008-02-03 J. W. Moffat

We pioneer the black hole mass gap as a powerful new tool for constraining modified gravity theories. These theories predict fifth forces that alter the structure and evolution of population-III stars, exacerbating the pair-instability.…

General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology · Physics 2020-12-16 Maria C. Straight , Jeremy Sakstein , Eric J. Baxter

There is now dynamical evidence for massive dark objects at the center of several galaxies, but suggestions that these are supermassive black holes are based only on indirect astrophysical arguments. The recent unprecedented measurement of…

Astrophysics · Physics 2009-10-28 Eyal Maoz

Our understanding of strong gravity near supermassive compact objects has recently improved thanks to the measurements made by the Event Horizon Telescope (EHT). We use here the M87* shadow size to infer constraints on the physical charges…

General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology · Physics 2021-06-02 Prashant Kocherlakota , Luciano Rezzolla , Heino Falcke , Christian M. Fromm , Michael Kramer , Yosuke Mizuno , Antonios Nathanail , Hector Olivares , Ziri Younsi , Kazunori Akiyama , Antxon Alberdi , Walter Alef , Juan Carlos Algaba , Richard Anantua , Keiichi Asada , Rebecca Azulay , Anne-Kathrin Baczko , David Ball , Mislav Balokovic , John Barrett , Bradford A. Benson , Dan Bintley , Lindy Blackburn , Raymond Blundell , Wilfred Boland , Katherine L. Bouman , Geoffrey C. Bower , Hope Boyce , Michael Bremer , Christiaan D. Brinkerink , Roger Brissenden , Silke Britzen , Avery E. Broderick , Dominique Broguiere , Thomas Bronzwaer , Do-Young Byun , John E. Carlstrom , Andrew Chael , Chi-kwan Chan , Shami Chatterjee , Koushik Chatterjee , Ming-Tang Chen , Yongjun Chen , Paul M. Chesler , Ilje Cho , Pierre Christian , John E. Conway , James M. Cordes , Thomas M. Crawford , Geoffrey B. Crew , Alejandro Cruz-Osorio , Yuzhu Cui , Jordy Davelaar , Mariafelicia De Laurentis , Roger Deane , Jessica Dempsey , Gregory Desvignes , Sheperd S. Doeleman , Ralph P. Eatough , Joseph Farah , Vincent L. Fish , Ed Fomalont , Raquel Fraga-Encinas , Per Friberg , H. Alyson Ford , Antonio Fuentes , Peter Galison , Charles F. Gammie , Roberto Garcia , Olivier Gentaz , Boris Georgiev , Ciriaco Goddi , Roman Gold , Jose L. Gomez , Arturo I. Gomez-Ruiz , Minfeng Gu , Mark Gurwell , Kazuhiro Hada , Daryl Haggard , Michael H. Hecht , Ronald Hesper , Luis C. Ho , Paul Ho , Mareki Honma , Chih-Wei L. Huang , Lei Huang , David H. Hughes , Shiro Ikeda , Makoto Inoue , Sara Issaoun , David J. James , Buell T. Jannuzi , Michael Janssen , Britton Jeter , Wu Jiang , Alejandra Jimenez-Rosales , Michael D. Johnson , Svetlana Jorstad , Taehyun Jung , Mansour Karami , Ramesh Karuppusamy , Tomohisa Kawashima , Garrett K. Keating , Mark Kettenis , Dong-Jin Kim , Jae-Young Kim , Jongsoo Kim , Junhan Kim , Motoki Kino , Jun Yi Koay , Yutaro Kofuji , Patrick M. Koch , Shoko Koyama , Carsten Kramer , Thomas P. Krichbaum , Cheng-Yu Kuo , Tod R. Lauer , Sang-Sung Lee , Aviad Levis , Yan-Rong Li , Zhiyuan Li , Michael Lindqvist , Rocco Lico , Greg Lindahl , Jun Liu , Kuo Liu , Elisabetta Liuzzo , Wen-Ping Lo , Andrei P. Lobanov , Laurent Loinard , Colin Lonsdale , Ru-Sen Lu , Nicholas R. MacDonald , Jirong Mao , Nicola Marchili , Sera Markoff , Daniel P. Marrone , Alan P. Marscher , Ivan Marti-Vidal , Satoki Matsushita , Lynn D. Matthews , Lia Medeiros , Karl M. Menten , Izumi Mizuno , James M. Moran , Kotaro Moriyama , Monika Moscibrodzka , Cornelia Muller , Gibwa Musoke , Alejandro Mus Mejias , Hiroshi Nagai , Neil M. Nagar , Masanori Nakamura , Ramesh Narayan , Gopal Narayanan , Iniyan Natarajan , Joseph Neilsen , Roberto Neri , Chunchong Ni , Aristeidis Noutsos , Michael A. Nowak , Hiroki Okino , Gisela N. Ortiz-Leon , Tomoaki Oyama , Feryal Ozel , Daniel C. M. Palumbo , Jongho Park , Nimesh Patel , Ue-Li Pen , Dominic W. Pesce , Vincent Pietu , Richard Plambeck , Aleksandar PopStefanija , Oliver Porth , Felix M. Potzl , Ben Prather , Jorge A. Preciado-Lopez , Dimitrios Psaltis , Hung-Yi Pu , Venkatessh Ramakrishnan , Ramprasad Rao , Mark G. Rawlings , Alexander W. Raymond , Angelo Ricarte , Bart Ripperda , Freek Roelofs , Alan Rogers , Eduardo Ros , Mel Rose , Arash Roshanineshat , Helge Rottmann , Alan L. Roy , Chet Ruszczyk , Kazi L. J. Rygl , Salvador Sanchez , David Sanchez-Arguelles , Mahito Sasada , Tuomas Savolainen , F. Peter Schloerb , Karl-Friedrich Schuster , Lijing Shao , Zhiqiang Shen , Des Small , Bong Won Sohn , Jason SooHoo , He Sun , Fumie Tazaki , Alexandra J. Tetarenko , Paul Tiede , Remo P. J. Tilanus , Michael Titus , Kenji Toma , Pablo Torne , Tyler Trent , Efthalia Traianou , Sascha Trippe , Ilse van Bemmel , Huib Jan van Langevelde , Daniel R. van Rossum , Jan Wagner , Derek Ward-Thompson , John Wardle , Jonathan Weintroub , Norbert Wex , Robert Wharton , Maciek Wielgus , George N. Wong , Qingwen Wu , Doosoo Yoon , Andre Young , Ken Young , Feng Yuan , Ye-Fei Yuan , J. Anton Zensus , Guang-Yao Zhao , Shan-Shan Zhao , The EHT Collaboration

The position of the giant elliptical galaxy M87 at the center of the Virgo Cluster means that the inferred column density of dark matter associated with both the cluster halo and the galaxy halo is quite large. This system is thus an…

Hubble Space Telescope (HST) images and spectra of the nucleated dwarf elliptical galaxy NGC 205 are combined with 3-integral axisymmetric dynamical models to constrain the mass (M_BH) of a putative nuclear black hole. This is only the…

Astrophysics · Physics 2011-05-12 Monica Valluri , Laura Ferrarese , David Merritt , Charles L. Joseph

The observed scaling relations between supermassive black hole masses and their host galaxy properties indicate that supermassive black holes influence the evolution of galaxies. However, the scaling relations may be affected by selection…

This paper presents an analysis of the correlation between the number of globular clusters (N_GC) in giant galaxies and the mass of the galaxies' central supermassive black hole (M_SMBH). I construct a sample of 20 elliptical, spiral, and…

Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics · Physics 2015-06-11 Katherine L. Rhode

One of the most interesting astronomical objects is the Galactic Center. We concentrate our discussion on a theoretical analysis of observational data of bright stars in the IR-band obtained with large telescopes. We also discuss the…

General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology · Physics 2018-02-13 Alexander F. Zakharov

We report upper limits on the masses of black holes that can be present in the centers of 16 nearby galaxy bulges. These limits for our statistically complete sample were derived from the modeling of the central emission-line widths ([N II]…

We consider black hole - galaxy coevolution using simple analytic arguments. We focus on the fact that several supermassive black holes are known with masses significantly larger than suggested by the $M - {\sigma}$ relation, sometimes also…

Astrophysics of Galaxies · Physics 2019-06-19 Andrew King , Rebecca Nealon

Observations of the centers of galaxies continue to evolve, and it is useful to take a fresh look at the constraints that exist on alternatives to supermassive black holes at their centers. We discuss constraints complementary to those of…

Astrophysics · Physics 2009-11-13 M. Coleman Miller

Today we have quite stringent constraints on possible violations of the Weak Equivalence Principle from the comparison of the acceleration of test-bodies of different composition in Earth's gravitational field. In the present paper, we…

High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena · Physics 2021-08-03 Rittick Roy , Askar B. Abdikamalov , Dimitry Ayzenberg , Cosimo Bambi , Shafqat Riaz , Ashutosh Tripathi

Galaxies that contain bulges appear to contain central black holes whose masses correlate with the velocity dispersion of the bulge. We show that no corresponding relationship applies in the pure disk galaxy M33. Three-integral dynamical…

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