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What is the communication cost of simulating the correlations produced by quantum theory? We generalize Bell inequalities to the setting of local realistic theories augmented by a fixed amount of classical communication. Suppose two parties…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2009-11-07 D. Bacon , B. F. Toner

Quantum Bell nonlocality is an important quantum phenomenon. Recently, the shareability of Bell nonlocality under unilateral measurements has been widely studied. In this study, we consider the shareability of quantum Bell nonlocality under…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2022-10-27 Tinggui Zhang , Qiming Luo , Xiaofen Huang

Device-independent randomness generation and quantum key distribution protocols rely on a fundamental relation between the non-locality of quantum theory and its random character. This relation is usually expressed in terms of a trade-off…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2018-03-20 Olmo Nieto-Silleras , Cédric Bamps , Jonathan Silman , Stefano Pironio

Understanding the limits of quantum theory in terms of uncertainty and correlation has always been a topic of foundational interest. Surprisingly this pursuit can also bear interesting applications such as device-independent quantum…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2019-09-13 Le Phuc Thinh

We show that the "practical" Bell inequalities, which use intensities as the observed variables, commonly used in quantum optics and widely accepted in the community, suffer from an inherent loophole, which severely limits the range of…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2016-10-07 Marek Zukowski , Marcin Wiesniak , Wieslaw Laskowski

An active area of research in the fields of machine learning and statistics is the development of causal discovery algorithms, the purpose of which is to infer the causal relations that hold among a set of variables from the correlations…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2015-03-10 Christopher J. Wood , Robert W. Spekkens

Nonlocal game as a novel witness of the nonlocality of entanglement is of fundamental importance in various fields. The known nonlocal games or equivalent linear Bell inequalities are only useful for Bell networks of single entanglement.…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2021-08-10 Ming-Xing Luo

Gaussian measurements can not be used to witness nonlocality in Gaussian states as well as the network nonlocality in networks of continuous-variable (CV) systems. Thus special non-Gaussian measurements have to be utilized. In the present…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2026-03-31 Taotao Yan , Jinchuan Hou , Xiaofei Qi , Kan He

Whether the quantum mechanics (QM) is non-local is an issue disputed for a long time. The violation of the Bell-type inequalities was considered as proving this non-locality. However, these inequalities are constructed on a class of local…

General Physics · Physics 2015-11-20 Sofia Wechsler

Bell's theorem is a fundamental theorem in physics concerning the incompatibility between some correlations predicted by quantum theory and a large class of physical theories. In this paper, we introduce the hypothesis of accountability,…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2014-11-27 Nicola Vona , Yeong-Cherng Liang

Quantum systems that have never interacted can become nonlocally correlated through a process called entanglement swapping. To characterize nonlocality in this context, we introduce local models where quantum systems that are initially…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2010-04-27 Cyril Branciard , Nicolas Gisin , Stefano Pironio

Nonlocality is a key feature of quantum networks and is being studied for its potential applications in quantum communication and computing. Understanding and harnessing nonlocality in quantum networks could lead to the development of…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2025-06-27 Jun-Li Jiang , Xin-Zhu Liu , Xue Yang , Xiuyong Ding , Da Zhang , Ming-Xing Luo

Correlations that cannot be reproduced with local variables certify the generation of private randomness. Usually, the violation of a Bell inequality is used to quantify the amount of randomness produced. Here, we show how private…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2014-04-16 Jean-Daniel Bancal , Lana Sheridan , Valerio Scarani

Bell inequality violation is the phenomenon where multiple non-communicating parties can exhibit correlations using quantum resources that are impossible if they can only use classical resources. One way to enforce non-communication is to…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2025-10-31 Dawei Ding , Zhengfeng Ji , Pierre Pocreau , Mingze Xu , Xinyu Xu

One of the striking properties of quantum mechanics is the occurrence of the Bell-type non-locality. They are a fundamental feature of the theory that allows two parties that share an entangled quantum system to observe correlations…

In the first part of this thesis Bell's theorem is revisited. It points at a difference between the quantum and the classical world. This difference is often behind the advantages of solutions using quantum mechanics. New and more general…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2007-08-23 Tomasz Paterek

Nonlocality shapes quantum correlations, revealed through the violation of Bell inequalities. The intersection of all valid Bell inequalities is the so-called local polytope. In multipartite systems, characterizing the local polytope…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2026-01-21 Jin-Fu Chen , Mengyao Hu , Jordi Tura

We present strategies to derive Bell inequalities valid for systems composed of many three-level parties. This scenario is formalized by a Bell experiment with $N$ observers, each of which performs one out of two possible three-outcome…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2024-11-12 Albert Aloy , Guillem Müller-Rigat , Jordi Tura , Matteo Fadel

As first shown by Popescu [S. Popescu, Phys. Rev. Lett. 74, 2619 (1995)], some quantum states only reveal their nonlocality when subjected to a sequence of measurements while giving rise to local correlations in standard Bell tests.…

The fields of quantum non-locality in physics, and causal discovery in machine learning, both face the problem of deciding whether observed data is compatible with a presumed causal relationship between the variables (for example a local…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2014-06-02 Rafael Chaves , Lukas Luft , David Gross