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There is growing evidence from both experiment and numerical studies that low half-odd integer quantum spins on a kagome lattice with predominant antiferromagnetic near neighbor interactions do not order magnetically or break lattice…

Strongly Correlated Electrons · Physics 2009-11-13 S. Ryu , O. I. Motrunich , J. Alicea , Matthew P. A. Fisher

The nature of quantum spin liquids is studied for the spin-$1/2$ antiferromagnetic Heisenberg model on a square lattice containing exchange interactions between nearest-neighbor sites, $J_1$, and those between next-nearest-neighbor sites,…

Strongly Correlated Electrons · Physics 2015-02-02 Satoshi Morita , Ryui Kaneko , Masatoshi Imada

This article is an introductory review of the physics of quantum spin liquid (QSL) states. Quantum magnetism is a rapidly evolving field, and recent developments reveal that the ground states and low-energy physics of frustrated spin…

Strongly Correlated Electrons · Physics 2017-04-21 Yi Zhou , Kazushi Kanoda , Tai-Kai Ng

A quantum spin liquid (QSL) is a state of matter in which magnetic spins interact strongly, but quantum fluctuations inhibit long-range magnetic order even at zero temperature. A QSL has been predicted to have a host of exotic properties,…

Frustrated quantum magnets are expected to host many exotic quantum spin states like quantum spin liquid (QSL), and have attracted numerous interest in modern condensed matter physics. The discovery of the triangular lattice spin liquid…

Strongly Correlated Electrons · Physics 2018-10-02 Weiwei Liu , Zheng Zhang , Jianting Ji , Yixuan Liu , Jianshu Li , Xiaoqun Wang , Hechang Lei , Gang Chen , Qingming Zhang

The search for the experimental evidence of quantum spin liquid (QSL) states is critical but extremely challenging, as the quenched interaction randomness introduced by structural imperfection is usually inevitable in real materials.…

Strongly Correlated Electrons · Physics 2022-11-08 Fangjun Lu , Long Yuan , Jian Zhang , Boqiang Li , Yongkang Luo , Yuesheng Li

The Ce$^{3+}$ pseudospin-$\frac{1}{2}$ degrees of freedom in the pyrochlore magnet Ce$_2$Zr$_2$O$_7$ are known to possess dipole-octupole (DO) character, making it a candidate for novel quantum spin liquid (QSL) ground states at low…

The kagome Heisenberg antiferromagnet is a leading candidate in the search for a spin system with a quantum spin-liquid ground state. The nature of its ground state remains a matter of great debate. We conducted 17-O single crystal NMR…

Strongly Correlated Electrons · Physics 2015-11-09 M. Fu , T. Imai , T. -H. Han , Y. S. Lee

PbCuTe2O6 is a rare example of a spin liquid candidate featuring a three dimensional magnetic lattice. Strong geometric frustration arises from the dominant antiferromagnetic interaction which generates a hyperkagome network of Cu2+ ions…

Strongly Correlated Electrons · Physics 2016-03-14 P. Khuntia , F. Bert , P. Mendels , B. Koteswararao , A. V. Mahajan , M. Baenitz , F. C. Chou , C. Baines , A. Amato , Y. Furukawa

DC-magnetization data measured down to 40 mK speak against conventional freezing and reinstate YbMgGaO$_4$ as a triangular spin-liquid candidate. Magnetic susceptibility measured parallel and perpendicular to the $c$-axis reaches constant…

The low-energy physics of quantum spin ice is known to support an emergent form of quantum electrodynamics (QED), where magnetic monopoles exist and the fine structure constant is material dependent. In this article, we show how this QED is…

Strongly Correlated Electrons · Physics 2025-10-27 Rajah P. Nutakki , Sylvain Capponi , Ludovic D. C. Jaubert , Lode Pollet

$\alpha$-RuCl$_3$ is a leading candidate material for theobservation of physics related to the Kitaev quantum spin liquid (QSL). By combined susceptibility, specific-heat, and nuclear-magnetic-resonance measurements, we demonstrate that…

Strongly Correlated Electrons · Physics 2017-12-12 Jiacheng Zheng , Kejing Ran , Tianrun Li , Jinghui Wang , Pengshuai Wang , Bin Liu , Zhengxin Liu , B. Normand , Jinsheng Wen , Weiqiang Yu

Quantum spin liquids (QSLs) are long-range entangled phases of frustrated magnets exhibiting fractionalized spin excitations. In two dimensions, there is limited analytical understanding of their excitation spectra beyond parton mean-field…

Strongly Correlated Electrons · Physics 2025-08-01 Josef Willsher , Johannes Knolle

The pursuit of quantum spin liquid (QSL) in the Kitaev honeycomb magnets has drawn intensive attention recently. In particular, $\alpha$-RuCl$_3$ has been widely recognized as a promising candidate for the Kitaev QSL. Although the compound…

Strongly Correlated Electrons · Physics 2023-03-29 Han Li , Wei Li , Gang Su

A three-dimensional system of interacting spins typically develops static long-range order when it is cooled. If the spins are quantum (S = 1/2), however, novel quantum paramagnetic states may appear. The most highly sought state among them…

Strongly Correlated Electrons · Physics 2015-05-13 S. -H. Lee , H. Kikuchi , Y. Qiu , B. Lake , Q. Huang , K. Habicht , K. Kiefer

Quantum spin liquids (QSLs) are an exotic state of matter that is subject to extensive research. However, the relationship between the ubiquitous disorder and the QSL behaviors is still unclear. Here, by performing comparative experimental…

In condensed matter physics, there is a novel phase termed "quantum spin liquid", in which strong quantum fluctuations prevent the long-range magnetic order from being established, and so the electron spins do not form an ordered pattern…

Strongly Correlated Electrons · Physics 2019-04-10 Jinsheng Wen , Shun-Li Yu , Shiyan Li , Weiqiang Yu , Jian-Xin Li

Quantum spin liquid (QSL) has become an exciting topic in interacting spin systems that do not order magnetically down to the lowest experimentally accessible temperature; however, conclusive experimental evidence remains lacking. Motivated…

Strongly Correlated Electrons · Physics 2023-10-26 Saikat Banerjee , Wei Zhu , Shi-Zeng Lin

The quantum spin liquid (QSL) state has been searched intensively in Kitaev-like materials, such as the Iridium oxides $A_2$IrO$_3$ and $\alpha$-RuCl$_3$. The half-filled Kitaev-Hubbard model with bond dependent hopping terms is used to…

Strongly Correlated Electrons · Physics 2022-10-06 Shaojun Dong , Hao Zhang , Chao Wang , Meng Zhang , Yong-Jian Han , Lixin He

The quantum spin liquid (QSL) is a state manifesting extraordinary many-body entanglement, and the material NaYbSe$_2$ is thought to be one of the most promising candidates for its realization. Through low-temperature heat capacity and…

Strongly Correlated Electrons · Physics 2025-02-11 Luke Pritchard Cairns , Yuanqi Lyu , Chunxiao Liu , Josue Rodriguez , Kenneth Ng , John Singleton , James G. Analytis