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It is now established that nuclear quantum motion plays an important role in determining water's hydrogen bonding, structure, and dynamics. Such effects are important to include in density functional theory (DFT) based molecular dynamics…

Chemical Physics · Physics 2018-12-20 Daniel C. Elton , Michelle Fritz , M. -V. Fernández-Serra

Ion flow in charged nanopores is strongly influenced by the ratio of the Debye length to the pore radius. We investigate the asymptotic behaviour of solutions to the Poisson-Nernst-Planck (PNP) system in narrow pore like geometries and…

Analysis of PDEs · Mathematics 2019-04-10 B. Matejczyk , J. -F. Pietschmann , G. Richardson , M. -T. Wolfram

In this paper, we propose and validate a two-species Multiscale model for a Poisson-Nernst-Planck (PNP) system, focusing on the correlated motion of positive and negative ions under the influence of a trap. Specifically, we aim to model…

Numerical Analysis · Mathematics 2026-04-28 Clarissa Astuto , Giovanni Russo

We consider the Poisson-Nernst-Planck system which is well-accepted for describing dilute electrolytes as well as transport of charged species in homogeneous environments. Here, we study these equations in porous media whose electric…

Mathematical Physics · Physics 2013-02-26 Markus Schmuck

In the framework of a multiscale modeling approach, we present a systematic study of a bipolar rectifying nanopore using a continuum and a particle simulation method. The common ground in the two methods is the application of the…

Electrochemical cells serve as a building block for producing and storing electrical energy from chemical reactions. The analysis of ion transport in these systems forms the foundation for understanding more complex electrochemical systems…

Chemical Physics · Physics 2026-02-05 Grace Origer , Ritu R. Raj , Nathan Jarvey , P. N. Romero Zavala , Wilson A. Smith , Ankur Gupta

In situations involving large potentials or surface charges, the Poisson Boltzman(PB) equation has shortcomings because it neglects ion-ion interactions and steric effects. This has been widely recognized by the electrochemistry community,…

Chemical Physics · Physics 2007-05-23 Mustafa Sabri Kilic , Martin Z. Bazant , Armand Ajdari

In this article we address the study of ion charge transport in the biological channels separating the intra and extracellular regions of a cell. The focus of the investigation is devoted to including thermal driving forces in the…

Numerical Analysis · Mathematics 2015-04-24 Riccardo Sacco , Fabio Manganini , Joseph W. Jerome

In this paper, to study ionic steric effects, we present a linear, decoupled, second-order accurate in time and structure-preserving scheme with finite element approximations for Carreau fluid equations coupled with steric…

Numerical Analysis · Mathematics 2025-09-03 Wenxing Zhu , Mingyang Pan , Dongdong He

We propose a modified Poisson-Nernst-Planck (PNP) model to investigate charge transport in electrolytes of inhomogeneous dielectric environment. The model includes the ionic polarization due to the dielectric inhomogeneity and the ion-ion…

Computational Physics · Physics 2015-06-19 Zhenli Xu , Manman Ma , Pei Liu

A pore network modeling (PNM) framework for the simulation of transport of charged species, such as ions, in porous media is presented. It includes the Nernst-Planck (NP) equations for each charged species in the electrolytic solution in…

Computational Physics · Physics 2020-05-20 Mehrez Agnaou , Mohammad Amin Sadeghi , Thomas George Tranter , Jeff Gostick

The Poisson-Nernst-Planck system of equations used to model ionic transport is interpreted as a gradient flow for the Wasserstein distance and a free energy in the space of probability measures with finite second moment. A variational…

Analysis of PDEs · Mathematics 2015-09-08 David Kinderlehrer , Léonard Monsaingeon , Xiang Xu

Ion channels are of major interest and form an area of intensive research in the fields of biophysics and medicine since they control many vital physiological functions. The aim of this work is on one hand to propose a fully stochastic and…

Biomolecules · Quantitative Biology 2016-01-11 Daniela Morale , Mattia Zanella , Vincenzo Capasso , Willi Jaeger

Effective Poisson-Nernst-Planck (PNP) equations are derived for macroscopic ion transport in charged porous media under periodic fluid flow by an asymptotic multi-scale expansion with drift. The microscopic setting is a two-component…

Mathematical Physics · Physics 2014-07-16 Markus Schmuck , Martin Z. Bazant

We derive a set of modified Poisson-Nernst-Planck (mPNP) equations for ion transport from the variation of the free energy functional which includes the many-body Coulomb correlation in media of variable dielectric coefficient. The…

Computational Physics · Physics 2017-08-22 Pei Liu , Xia Ji , Zhenli Xu

The Poisson-Nernst-Planck equations with generalized Frumkin-Butler-Volmer boundary conditions (PNP-FBV) describe ion transport with Faradaic reactions and have applications in a wide variety of fields. Using an adaptive time-stepper based…

Numerical Analysis · Mathematics 2020-06-24 M. C. Pugh , D. Yan , F. P. Dawson

We consider numerical methods for the Poisson-Nernst-Planck-Cahn-Hilliard (PNPCH) equations with steric interactions. We propose a novel energy stable numerical scheme that respects mass conservation and positivity at the discrete level.…

Numerical Analysis · Mathematics 2021-02-03 Yiran Qian , Cheng Wang , Shenggao Zhou

The Poisson-Nernst-Planck (PNP) system is a standard model for describing ion transport. In many applications, e.g., ions in biological tissues, the presence of thin boundary layers poses both modelling and computational challenges. In this…

Biological Physics · Physics 2018-09-12 Zilong Song , Xiulei Cao , Huaxiong Huang

The Poisson-Nernst-Planck (PNP) equations are one of the most effective model for describing electrostatic interactions and diffusion processes in ion solution systems, and have been widely used in the numerical simulations of biological…

Numerical Analysis · Mathematics 2023-12-19 Yang Liu , Shi Shu , Ying Yang

Previous studies have highlighted significant advancements in multimodal fusion. Nevertheless, such methods often encounter challenges regarding the efficacy of feature extraction, data integrity, consistency of feature dimensions, and…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2024-10-22 Jiayu Xiong , Jing Wang , Hengjing Xiang , Jun Xue , Chen Xu , Zhouqiang Jiang