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This paper investigates the capabilities of large language models (LLMs) in formulating and solving decision-making problems using mathematical programming. We first conduct a systematic review and meta-analysis of recent literature to…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2025-08-26 Mohammad J. Abdel-Rahman , Yasmeen Alslman , Dania Refai , Amro Saleh , Malik A. Abu Loha , Mohammad Yahya Hamed

Learning is a distinctive feature of intelligent behaviour. High-throughput experimental data and Big Data promise to open new windows on complex systems such as cells, the brain or our societies. Yet, the puzzling success of Artificial…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2022-05-04 Matteo Marsili , Yasser Roudi

Logical reasoning is central to human cognition and intelligence. It includes deductive, inductive, and abductive reasoning. Past research of logical reasoning within AI uses formal language as knowledge representation and symbolic…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-02-19 Zonglin Yang , Xinya Du , Rui Mao , Jinjie Ni , Erik Cambria

This paper examines various methods and ideas for humanizing mathematics. The term 'humanizing mathematics' which includes elements of 'aesthetic mathematics' refers to approaches that emphasize the aesthetic, philosophical, and subjective…

History and Overview · Mathematics 2025-01-13 Takao Inoué

Human beings are considered as the most intelligent species on Earth. The ability to think, to create, to innovate, are the key elements which make humans superior over other existing species on Earth. Machines lack all those elements,…

Other Computer Science · Computer Science 2019-07-11 Ravin Kumar

Logic has pride of place in mathematics and its 20th century offshoot, computer science. Modern symbolic logic was developed, in part, as a way to provide a formal framework for mathematics: Frege, Peano, Whitehead and Russell, as well as…

Logic · Mathematics 2024-04-17 Richard Zach

This document is written with the intention to describe in detail a method and means by which a computer program can reason about the world and in so doing, increase its analogue to a living system. As the literature is rife and it is…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2017-05-23 Christopher A. Tucker

Existential fixed point logic (EFPL) is a natural fit for some applications, and the purpose of this talk is to attract attention to EFPL. The logic is also interesting in its own right as it has attractive properties. One of those…

Logic in Computer Science · Computer Science 2008-11-07 Andreas Blass , Yuri Gurevich

The physics of matter in the condensed state is concerned with problems in which the number of constituent particles is vastly greater than can be easily comprehended. The inherent physical limitations of the human mind are fundamental and…

History and Philosophy of Physics · Physics 2016-04-26 S. J. Blundell

This thesis is intended to provide an account of the theory and applications of Operational Methods that allow the "translation" of the theory of special functions and polynomials into a "different" mathematical language. The language we…

Classical Analysis and ODEs · Mathematics 2018-03-09 Silvia Licciardi

Different types of reasoning impose different structural demands on representational systems, yet no systematic account of these demands exists across psychology, AI, and philosophy of mind. I propose a framework identifying four structural…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2026-04-03 Yiling Wu

We design and conduct a simple experiment to study whether neural networks can perform several steps of approximate reasoning in a fixed dimensional latent space. The set of rewrites (i.e. transformations) that can be successfully performed…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2019-09-27 Dennis Lee , Christian Szegedy , Markus N. Rabe , Sarah M. Loos , Kshitij Bansal

We formulate five basic tenets of enactivist cognitive science that we have carefully identified in the relevant literature as the main underlying principles of that philosophy. We then develop a mathematical framework to talk about…

Neurons and Cognition · Quantitative Biology 2022-06-14 Vadim Weinstein , Basak Sakcak , Steven M. LaValle

Both metamathematics and physics are posited to emerge from samplings by observers of the unique ruliad structure that corresponds to the entangled limit of all possible computations. The possibility of higher-level mathematics accessible…

History and Overview · Mathematics 2022-04-12 Stephen Wolfram

The Availability bias, manifested in the over-representation of extreme eventualities in decision-making, is a well-known cognitive bias, and is generally taken as evidence of human irrationality. In this work, we present the first…

Neurons and Cognition · Quantitative Biology 2018-01-31 Ardavan S. Nobandegani , Kevin da Silva Castanheira , A. Ross Otto , Thomas R. Shultz

Standard economic theory uses mathematics as its main means of understanding, and this brings clarity of reasoning and logical power. But there is a drawback: algebraic mathematics restricts economic modeling to what can be expressed only…

General Economics · Economics 2021-04-08 W. Brian Arthur

Deep learning methods capable of handling relational data have proliferated over the last years. In contrast to traditional relational learning methods that leverage first-order logic for representing such data, these deep learning methods…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2020-03-25 Sebastijan Dumancic , Tias Guns , Wannes Meert , Hendrik Blockeel

The theory of evolution by natural selection cannot be used to evaluate the truth value of the following proposition: Through evolution, there exists at least one species that can adapt to any one given environment. To address this issue,…

Biological Physics · Physics 2022-08-17 Kai Xu

Logic has its origins in basic questions about the nature of the real world and how we describe it. This article seeks to bring out the physical and epistemological relevance of some of the more recent technical work in logic and…

Logic · Mathematics 2011-09-08 S. Barry Cooper

Discrete mathematics is the foundation of computer science. It focuses on concepts and reasoning methods that are studied using math notations. It has long been argued that discrete math is better taught with programming, which takes…

Computers and Society · Computer Science 2021-10-07 Yanhong A. Liu , Matthew Castelllana