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A Bell inequality is a constraint on a set of correlations whose violation can be used to certify non-locality. They are instrumental for device-independent tasks such as key distribution or randomness expansion. In this work we consider…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2019-08-21 Thomas Cope , Roger Colbeck

Bell nonlocality refers to correlations between two distant, entangled particles that challenge classical notions of local causality. Beyond its foundational significance, nonlocality is crucial for device-independent technologies like…

Explaining observations in terms of causes and effects is central to all of empirical science. Correlations between entangled quantum particles, however, seem to defy such an explanation. To recover a causal picture in this case, some of…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2016-09-05 M. Ringbauer , C. Giarmatzi , R. Chaves , F. Costa , A. G. White , A. Fedrizzi

We present bipartite Bell-type inequalities which allow the two partners to use some non-local resource. Such inequality can only be violated if the parties use a resource which is more non-local than the one permitted by the inequality. We…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2015-06-26 Nicolas Brunner , Valerio Scarani , Nicolas Gisin

Bell's theorem is 50 years old. Still there is a controversy about its implications. Much of it has its roots in confusion regarding the premises from which the theorem can be derived. Some claim that a derivation of Bell's inequalities…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2015-01-20 Marek Zukowski , Caslav Brukner

Quantum mechanics challenges our intuition on the cause-effect relations in nature. Some fundamental concepts, including Reichenbach's common cause principle or the notion of local realism, have to be reconsidered. Traditionally, this is…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2020-12-04 Mariami Gachechiladze , Nikolai Miklin , Rafael Chaves

Bell's theorem shows that local measurements on entangled states give rise to correlations incompatible with local hidden variable models. The degree of quantum nonlocality is not maximal though, as there are even more nonlocal theories…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2018-12-26 Cristhiano Duarte , Samuraí Brito , Barbara Amaral , Rafael Chaves

The problem of characterizing classical and quantum correlations in networks is considered. Contrary to the usual Bell scenario, where distant observers share a physical system emitted by one common source, a network features several…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2021-04-21 Armin Tavakoli , Marc-Olivier Renou , Nicolas Gisin , Nicolas Brunner

Bell's theorem is a fundamental result in quantum mechanics: it discriminates between quantum mechanics and all theories where probabilities in measurement results arise from the ignorance of pre-existing local properties. We give an…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2014-03-05 Lorenzo Maccone

Bell's theorem is a fundamental theorem in physics concerning the incompatibility between some correlations predicted by quantum theory and a large class of physical theories. In this paper, we introduce the hypothesis of accountability,…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2014-11-27 Nicola Vona , Yeong-Cherng Liang

Does "epistemic non-signalling" ensure the peaceful coexistence of special relativity and quantum nonlocality? The possibility of an affirmative answer is of great importance to deterministic approaches to quantum mechanics given recent…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2014-09-30 Jan Walleczek , Gerhard Groessing

Bell nonlocality is the resource that enables device-independent quantum information processing tasks. It is revealed through the violation of so-called Bell inequalities, indicating that the observed correlations cannot be reproduced by…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2024-09-25 Patrick Emonts , Mengyao Hu , Albert Aloy , Jordi Tura

Bell inequalities are derived for any number of observers, any number of alternative setups for each one of them, and any number of distinct outcomes for each experiment. It is shown that if a physical system consists of several distant…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2007-05-23 Asher Peres

Bell's Theorem shows that quantum mechanical correlations can violate the constraints that the causal structure of certain experiments impose on any classical explanation. It is thus natural to ask to which degree the causal assumptions --…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2015-04-16 Rafael Chaves , Richard Kueng , Jonatan Bohr Brask , David Gross

Non-classical quantum correlations underpin both the foundations of quantum mechanics and modern quantum technologies. Among them, Bell nonlocality is a central example. For bipartite Bell inequalities, nonlocal correlations obey strict…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2026-05-13 Gerard Anglès Munné , Paweł Cieśliński , Jan Wójcik , Wiesław Laskowski

Quantum network protocols depend on the availability of shared entanglement. Given that entanglement generation and distribution are affected by noise, characterization of the shared entangled states is essential to bound the errors of the…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2025-10-31 Noah Kaufmann , Maria Quadeer , David Elkouss

Bell's Theorem witnesses that the predictions of quantum theory cannot be reproduced by theories of local hidden variables in which observers can choose their measurements independently of the source. Working out an idea of Branciard,…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2012-10-03 Tobias Fritz

We present generic Bell inequalities for multipartite multi-dimensional systems. The inequalities that any local realistic theories must obey are violated by quantum mechanics for even-dimensional multipartite systems. A large set of…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2009-11-11 W. Son , Jinhyoung Lee , M. S. Kim

Analyzing the geometry of correlation sets constrained by general causal structures is of paramount importance for foundational and quantum technology research. Addressing this task is generally challenging, prompting the development of…

Determining whether an observed distribution of events generated in a quantum network is Bell local, i.e., if it admits an alternative realization in terms of independent local variables, is extremely challenging. Building upon…