Related papers: Planes of satellite galaxies: when exceptions are …
Satellite galaxies of the Milky Way and of the Andromeda galaxy have been found to preferentially align in significantly flattened planes of satellite galaxies, and available velocity measurements are indicative of a preference of…
We examine the prevalence, longevity, and causes of planes of satellite dwarf galaxies, as observed in the Local Group. We use 14 Milky Way/Andromeda-(MW/M31) mass host galaxies from the FIRE-2 simulations. We select the 14 most massive…
In a recent contribution, Bahl \& Baumgardt investigated the incidence of planar alignments of satellite galaxies in the Millennium-II simulation, and concluded that vast thin planes of dwarf galaxies, similar to that observed in the…
Recent observational studies have demonstrated that the majority of satellite galaxies tend to orbit their hosts on highly flattened, vast, possibly co-rotating planes. Two nearly parallel planes of satellites have been confirmed around the…
We examine the spatial distribution and orbital pole correlations of satellites in a suite of zoom-in high-resolution dissipationless simulations of Miky Way (MW) sized haloes. We use the measured distribution to estimate the incidence of…
The existence of planes of satellite galaxies has been identified as a long-standing challenge to $\Lambda$CDM cosmology, due to the rarity of satellite systems in cosmological simulations that are as extremely flattened and as strongly…
Planes of satellites are observed around many galaxies. However, these observations are still considered a point of tension for the $\Lambda$CDM paradigm. We use the fully hydrodynamical cosmological $\Lambda$CDM state-of-the-art simulation…
The recently discovered vast thin plane of dwarf satellites orbiting the Andromeda Galaxy (M31) adds to the mystery of the small scale distribution of the Local Group's galaxy population. Such well defined planar structures are apparently…
It has been suggested that the Plane of Satellites (PoS) phenomenon may imply a tension with current $\Lambda$CDM cosmology since a Milky-Way (MW)-like PoS is very rare in simulations. In this study, we analyze a large sample of satellite…
We present a detailed characterization of planes of satellite galaxies in the Milky Way (MW) and M31. For a positional analysis, we introduce an extension to the `4-galaxy-normal density plot' method \citep[][P13]{Pawlowski13}. It finds the…
We introduce a new concept -- termed "planarity" -- which aims to quantify planar structure in galaxy satellite systems without recourse to the number or thickness of planes. We use positions and velocities from the Gaia EDR3 to measure…
We address the 'plane of satellites problem' by studying planar configurations around two disc galaxies with no late major mergers, formed in zoom-in hydro-simulations. Due to the current lack of good quality kinematic data for M31…
We present a detailed characterization of planes of satellites in the Milky Way (MW) and M31 systems. To this end we introduce an extension to the '4-galaxy-normal density plot' method \citep{Pawlowski13}, by which plot over-densities…
We compare spherically-averaged radial number counts of bright (> 10^5 Lsun) dwarf satellite galaxies within 400 kpc of the Milky Way (MW) and M31 and find that the MW satellites are much more centrally concentrated. Remarkably, the two…
We search for vast planes of satellites (VPoS) in a high resolution simulation of the Local Group performed by the CLUES project, which improves significantly the resolution of former similar studies. We use a simple method for detecting…
A large fraction of the dwarf satellites orbiting the Andromeda galaxy are surprisingly aligned in a thin, extended and apparently kinematically coherent planar structure. Such a structure is not easily found in simulations based on the…
The concordance $\Lambda$CDM cosmology predicts tens of satellite galaxies distributed in the inner region ($<40\ \lkpc$) of the Milky Way (MW), yet at most $12$ were discovered at present day, including 3 discovered very recently by Dark…
Both major galaxies in the Local Group host planar distributions of co-orbiting satellite galaxies, the Vast Polar Structure (VPOS) of the Milky Way and the Great Plane of Andromeda (GPoA). The $\Lambda$CDM cosmological model did not…
We present a quantitative measurement of the amount of clustering present in the inner $\sim30$ kpc of the stellar halo of the Andromeda galaxy (M31). For this we analyse the angular positions and radial velocities of the carefully selected…
Observations have revealed that the MW, Andromeda, Centaurus A (and potentially other galaxies) host spatially thin and kinematically coherent planes of satellites. Such structures are highly improbable within the standard LCDM cosmological…