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Website Fingerprinting attacks enable a passive eavesdropper to recover the user's otherwise anonymized web browsing activity by matching the observed traffic with prerecorded web traffic templates. The defenses that have been proposed to…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2016-07-20 Marc Juarez , Mohsen Imani , Mike Perry , Claudia Diaz , Matthew Wright

This article provides a quantitative analysis of privacy-compromising mechanisms on 1 million popular websites. Findings indicate that nearly 9 in 10 websites leak user data to parties of which the user is likely unaware; more than 6 in 10…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2015-11-03 Timothy Libert

Online tracking is a whack-a-mole game between trackers who build and monetize behavioral user profiles through intrusive data collection, and anti-tracking mechanisms, deployed as a browser extension, built-in to the browser, or as a DNS…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2021-03-08 Yana Dimova , Gunes Acar , Lukasz Olejnik , Wouter Joosen , Tom Van Goethem

Growth in technology has resulted in the large-scale collection and processing of Personally Identifiable Information by organizations that run digital services such as websites, which led to the emergence of new legislation to regulate PII…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2021-10-14 Abdirahman Mohamed , Christopher Dare , Ayobami Esther Olanrewaju , Mercyleen Tanui , Fonyuy Boris Lami

Mobile applications continuously generate DNS queries that can reveal sensitive user behavioral patterns even when communications are encrypted. This paper presents a privacy enhancement framework based on query forgery to protect users…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2025-11-19 Andrea Jimenez-Berenguel , César Gil , Carlos Garcia-Rubio , Jordi Forné , Celeste Campo

Many internet ventures rely on advertising for their revenue. However, users feel discontent by the presence of ads on the websites they visit, as the data-size of ads is often comparable to that of the actual content. This has an impact…

Social and Information Networks · Computer Science 2017-05-10 Kiran Garimella , Orestis Kostakis , Michael Mathioudakis

Website fingerprinting enables an attacker to infer which web page a client is browsing through encrypted or anonymized network connections. We present a new website fingerprinting technique based on random decision forests and evaluate…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2016-02-22 Jamie Hayes , George Danezis

Browser fingerprinting is a stateless tracking technique that attempts to combine information exposed by multiple different web APIs to create a unique identifier for tracking users across the web. Over the last decade, trackers have abused…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2021-12-15 Pouneh Nikkhah Bahrami , Umar Iqbal , Zubair Shafiq

Several studies have been conducted on understanding third-party user tracking on the web. However, web trackers can only track users on sites where they are embedded by the publisher, thus obtaining a fragmented view of a user's online…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2018-05-04 Anupama Aggarwal , Bimal Viswanath , Saravana Kumar , Ayush Shah , Liang Zhang , Ponnurangam Kumaraguru

Third-party tracking is common on almost all commercially operated websites. Prior work has studied in detail the extent of third-party tracking on the web, detection of third-party trackers, and defending against third-party tracking.…

Computers and Society · Computer Science 2019-11-18 Matius Chairani , Mathieu Chevalley , Abderrahmane Lazraq , Sruti Bhagavatula

Web tracking has been extensively studied over the last decade. To detect tracking, previous studies and user tools rely on filter lists. However, it has been shown that filter lists miss trackers. In this paper, we propose an alternative…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2020-03-02 Imane Fouad , Nataliia Bielova , Arnaud Legout , Natasa Sarafijanovic-Djukic

Anonymity systems like Tor are vulnerable to Website Fingerprinting (WF) attacks, where a local passive eavesdropper infers the victim's activity. Current WF attacks based on deep learning classifiers have successfully overcome numerous…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2021-02-09 Shawn Shan , Arjun Nitin Bhagoji , Haitao Zheng , Ben Y. Zhao

The overturning of the Internet Privacy Rules by the Federal Communications Commissions (FCC) in late March 2017 allows Internet Service Providers (ISPs) to collect, share and sell their customers' Web browsing data without their consent.…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2018-11-26 Ghazaleh Beigi , Ruocheng Guo , Alexander Nou , Yanchao Zhang , Huan Liu

Third party tracking allows companies to identify users and track their behaviour across multiple digital services. This paper presents an empirical study of the prevalence of third-party trackers on 959,000 apps from the US and UK Google…

Computers and Society · Computer Science 2018-10-19 Reuben Binns , Ulrik Lyngs , Max Van Kleek , Jun Zhao , Timothy Libert , Nigel Shadbolt

Web browsers are the most common tool to perform various activities over the internet. Along with normal mode, all modern browsers have private browsing mode. The name of the mode varies from browser to browser but the purpose of the…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2018-03-01 Abu Awal Md Shoeb

Real-time, online-editing web apps provide free and convenient services for collaboratively editing, sharing and storing files. The benefits of these web applications do not come for free: not only do service providers have full access to…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2019-11-19 Yihao Hu , Ari Trachtenberg , Prakash Ishwar

The World Wide Web's connectivity is greatly attributed to the HTTP protocol, with HTTP messages offering informative header fields that appeal to disciplines like web security and privacy, especially concerning web tracking. Despite…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2025-02-28 Wolf Rieder , Philip Raschke , Thomas Cory

The browser history reveals highly sensitive information about users, such as financial status, health conditions, or political views. Private browsing modes and anonymity networks are consequently important tools to preserve the privacy…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2017-05-16 Berk Gulmezoglu , Andreas Zankl , Thomas Eisenbarth , Berk Sunar

Email tracking allows email senders to collect fine-grained behavior and location data on email recipients, who are uniquely identifiable via their email address. Such tracking invades user privacy in that email tracking techniques gather…

Computers and Society · Computer Science 2018-06-12 Johannes Haupt , Benedict Bender , Benjamin Fabian , Stefan Lessmann

Most popular web browsers include "reader modes" that improve the user experience by removing un-useful page elements. Reader modes reformat the page to hide elements that are not related to the page's main content. Such page elements…

Information Retrieval · Computer Science 2018-11-12 Mohammad Ghasemisharif , Peter Snyder , Andrius Aucinas , Benjamin Livshits