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For a small system like a colloidal particle or a single biomolecule embedded in a heat bath, the optimal protocol of an external control parameter minimizes the mean work required to drive the system from one given equilibrium state to…

Statistical Mechanics · Physics 2009-11-13 Tim Schmiedl , Udo Seifert

We investigate and ascertain the ideal inputs to any finite-time thermodynamic process. We demonstrate that the expectation values of entropy flow, heat, and work can all be determined via Hermitian observables of the initial state. These…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2023-05-02 Paul M. Riechers , Chaitanya Gupta , Artemy Kolchinsky , Mile Gu

Extending the quantum formulation of [Phys. Rev. X 3, 041003 (2013)] to a more general setting for studying the thermodynamics of information processing including initial correlations, we generalize the second law of thermodynamics to…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2025-11-13 Shou-I Tang , Emery Doucet , Akram Touil , Sebastian Deffner , Akira Sone

We consider optimization of the average entropy production in inhomogeneous temperature environments within the framework of stochastic thermodynamics. For systems modeled by Langevin equations (e.g. a colloidal particle in a heat bath) it…

Statistical Mechanics · Physics 2013-03-14 Stefano Bo , Erik Aurell , Ralf Eichhorn , Antonio Celani

The second law of thermodynamics sets a lower bound on the work required to drive a system between thermal equilibrium states, with equality attained in the quasistatic limit. For finite-time processes, part of the extractable work is…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2025-11-20 Masaaki Tokieda

We set up a framework for quantum stochastic thermodynamics based solely on experimentally controllable, but otherwise arbitrary interventions at discrete times. Using standard assumptions about the system-bath dynamics and insights from…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2019-08-22 Philipp Strasberg

Dissipative quantum systems are frequently described within the framework of the so-called "system-plus-reservoir" approach. In this work we assign their description to the Maximum Entropy Formalism and compare the resulting thermodynamic…

Statistical Mechanics · Physics 2017-01-04 Lisan M. M. Durão , Amir O. Caldeira

Any unitary operation in quantum information processing can be implemented via a sequence of simpler steps - quantum gates. However, actual implementation of a quantum gate is always imperfect and takes a finite time. Therefore, seeking for…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2009-09-29 Michal Sedlak , Martin Plesch

Quantum information theory, particularly its entropic formulations, has made remarkable strides in characterizing quantum systems and tasks. However, a critical dimension remains underexplored: computational efficiency. While classical…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2026-05-05 Noam Avidan , Thomas A. Hahn , Joseph M. Renes , Rotem Arnon

Controlling thermodynamic cycles to minimize the dissipated heat is a longstanding goal in thermodynamics, and more recently, a central challenge in stochastic thermodynamics for nanoscale systems. Here, we introduce a theoretical and…

Statistical Mechanics · Physics 2023-03-15 Shriram Chennakesavalu , Grant M. Rotskoff

The development of efficient artificial nanodevices poses challenges which are of fundamental and technological nature. Recent progress has been made in the context of finite-time thermodynamics. A central question in finite-time…

Statistical Mechanics · Physics 2014-03-18 Mario Einax

A central challenge in analog quantum simulation is to characterize desirable physical properties of quantum states produced in experiments. However, in conventional approaches, the extraction of arbitrary information requires performing…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2023-04-04 Minh C. Tran , Daniel K. Mark , Wen Wei Ho , Soonwon Choi

The optimal efficiency of quantum (or classical) heat engines whose heat baths are $n$-particle systems is given by the information geometry and the strong large deviation. We give the optimal work extraction process as a concrete…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2017-07-19 Hiroyasu Tajima , Masahito Hayashi

We present a protocol for the study of the dynamics and thermodynamics of quantum systems strongly coupled to a bath and subject to an external modulation. Our protocol quantifies the evolution of the system-bath composite by expanding the…

Statistical Mechanics · Physics 2018-10-24 Wenjie Dou , Maicol A. Ochoa , Abraham Nitzan , Joseph E. Subotnik

A model of quantum noisy channel with input encoding by a classical random vector is described. An equation of optimality is derived to determine a complete set of wave functions describing quantum decodings based on quasi-measurements…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2007-05-23 V. P. Belavkin , R. L. Stratonovich

Recent understanding of the thermodynamics of small-scale systems have enabled the characterization of the thermodynamic requirements of implementing quantum processes for fixed input states. Here, we extend these results to construct…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2021-07-26 Philippe Faist , Mario Berta , Fernando G. S. L. Brandao

In this article we use optimal control to maximize the efficiency of a quantum heat engine executing the Otto cycle in the presence of external noise. We optimize the engine performance for both amplitude and phase noise. In the case of…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2015-06-18 Dionisis Stefanatos

A unified view on macroscopic thermodynamics and quantum transport is presented. Thermodynamic processes with an exchange of energy between two systems necessarily involve the flow of other balanceable quantities. These flows are first…

Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics · Physics 2012-10-02 C. Strunk

For adiabatic controls of quantum systems, the non-adiabatic transitions are reduced by increasing the operation time of processes. Perfect quantum adiabaticity usually requires the infinitely slow variation of control parameters. In this…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2022-07-01 Jin-Fu Chen

As we continue to find applications where the currently available noisy devices exhibit an advantage over their classical counterparts, the efficient use of quantum resources is highly desirable. The notion of quantum autoencoders was…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2022-07-08 Abhinav Anand , Jakob S. Kottmann , Alán Aspuru-Guzik