Related papers: Large deviations and rain showers
The mass and size distributions are the key characteristics of any astrophysical objects, including the densest clumps comprising the cold phase of multiphase environments. In our recent papers, we showed how individual clouds of various…
We study the typical collisional velocities in a polydisperse suspension of droplets in two and three-dimensional turbulent flow and obtain precise theoretical estimates of the dependence of the impact velocity of particles-pairs on their…
Global warming is projected to intensify the hydrological cycle, amplifying risks to ecosystems and society. While extreme rainfall appears to exhibit stronger sensitivity to global warming compared to mean rainfall rates, a unifying…
We study a system of interacting particles that randomly react to form new particles. The reaction flux is the rescaled number of reactions that take place in a time interval. We prove a dynamic large-deviation principle for the reaction…
We investigate the effect of turbulence on the combined condensational and collisional growth of cloud droplets by means of high resolution direct numerical simulations of turbulence and a superparticle approximation for droplet dynamics…
Laboratory experiments and theoretical modelling are conducted to determine the raindrop size distribution (DSD) resulting from distinct fragmentation processes under various upward airstreams. Since weather radar echoes are proportional to…
The evolution of a single raindrop falling below a cloud is governed by fluid dynamics and thermodynamics fundamentally transferable to planetary atmospheres beyond modern Earth's. Here, we show how three properties that characterize…
Charged water drops are more widespread than commonly acknowledged. For example, raindrops typically carry charges of order Q ~ 1 pC, while routine pipetting in the laboratory produces drops with Q ~ 50 pC. Here, we show that such modest…
Rainfall in coastal areas of the tropics is often shaped by the presence of circulations directly associated with the topography, such as land-sea and/or mountain-valley breezes. In many regions the coastally-affected rainfall consitutes…
A liquid drop impacting a dry solid surface with sufficient kinetic energy will splash, breaking apart into numerous secondary droplets. This phenomenon shows many similarities to forced wetting, including the entrainment of air at the…
Large deviation theory quantifies the occurence of events that deviate from the average behavior of a system. Such events arise from non-typical trajectories of the dynamics. In this note we derive the time evolution of these rare…
Forecasting extreme precipitation is essential yet challenging due to its rarity and complexity. We develop a large deviation framework to estimate the return times of extreme precipitation events. We first find that the Landau…
The formation of small droplets and bubbles in turbulent flows is a crucial process in geophysics and engineering, whose underlying physical mechanism remains a puzzle. In this letter, we address this problem by means of high-resolution…
We use a stochastic model and direct numerical simulation to study the impact of turbulence on cloud droplet growth by condensation. We show that the variance of the droplet size distribution increases in time as t^{1/2}, with growth rate…
Water droplets coalesce into larger ones in atmospheric clouds to form rain. But droplets on collision courses do not always coalesce due to the cushioning effects of the air between them. The extent to which these so-called hydrodynamic…
A 2016 paper by M Wilkinson in Physical Review Letters suggests that large-deviation theory is a suitable framework for studying unexpectedly rapid rain formation in collector-drop collision processes. Wilkinson derives asymptotic…
We investigate the role of intense vortical structures, similar to those in a turbulent flow, in enhancing collisions (and coalescences) which lead to the formation of large aggregates in particle-laden flows. By using a Burgers vortex…
Present paper examines the dependency of ambient parameters such as humidity, and turbulence to determine the conditions on raindrop formation with the help of a self-designed cloud chamber. The research methods are experimental and…
Cloud observables such as precipitation efficiency and cloud lifetime are key quantities in weather and climate, but understanding their quantitative connection to initial conditions such as initial cloud water mass or droplet size remains…
Studying water droplets is a rich lesson in fields of fluid dynamics, nonlinear systems, and differential equations. Understanding various physical aspects of raindrops can help us in understanding drop dynamics, rainfall density…