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We develop a theory of particle acceleration inside relativistic rotating electron-positron force-free jets with spiral magnetic fields. We considered perturbation of the stationary magnetic field structure and found that acceleration takes…

Astrophysics · Physics 2009-11-07 A. R. Beresnyak , Ya. N. Istomin , V. I. Pariev

Collisionless, magnetized turbulence offers a promising framework for the generation of non-thermal high-energy particles in various astrophysical sites. Yet, the detailed mechanism that governs particle acceleration has remained subject to…

High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena · Physics 2022-08-17 Virginia Bresci , Martin Lemoine , Laurent Gremillet , Luca Comisso , Lorenzo Sironi , Camilia Demidem

Diffusive shock acceleration (DSA) at relativistic shocks is expected to be an important acceleration mechanism in a variety of astrophysical objects including extragalactic jets in active galactic nuclei and gamma ray bursts. These sources…

High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena · Physics 2014-11-20 Matthew G. Baring , Errol J. Summerlin

The broadband emission of Pulsar Wind Nebulae (PWNe) is well described by non-thermal emissions from accelerated electrons and positrons. However, the standard shock acceleration model of PWNe does not account for the hard spectrum in radio…

High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena · Physics 2017-05-31 Shuta J. Tanaka , Katsuaki Asano

Magnetized collisionless shocks drive particle acceleration broadly in space and astrophysics. We perform the first large-scale particle-in-cell simulations with realistic laboratory parameters (density, temperature, and velocity) to…

Plasma Physics · Physics 2024-05-24 P. Liu , D. Wu , D. W. Yuan , G. Zhao , Z. M. Sheng , X. T. He , J. Zhang

We consider the centrifugal acceleration of charged test particles by rotating magnetospheres which are widely believed to be responsible for the relativistic jet phenomenon in active galactic nuclei (AGN). Based on an analysis of forces…

Astrophysics · Physics 2007-05-23 F. M. Rieger , K. Mannheim

The prompt emissions of gamma-ray bursts are seeded by radiating ultrarelativistic electrons. Internal shocks propagating through a jet launched by a stellar implosion, are expected to amplify the magnetic field & accelerate electrons. We…

High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena · Physics 2010-12-01 Gareth C. Murphy , Mark E. Dieckmann , Antoine Bret , Luke O'C. Drury

Relativistic shocks are usually thought to occur in violent astrophysical explosions. These collisionless shocks are mediated by a plasma kinetic streaming instability, often loosely referred to as the Weibel instability, which generates…

High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena · Physics 2014-11-20 Mikhail V. Medvedev

Electrons can be accelerated to ultrarelativistic energies at strong (high-Mach number) collisionless shock waves that form when stellar debris rapidly expands after a supernova. Collisionless shock waves also form in the flow of particles…

High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena · Physics 2015-06-12 A. Masters , L. Stawarz , M. Fujimoto , S. J. Schwartz , N. Sergis , M. F. Thomsen , A. Retinò , H. Hasegawa , G. R. Lewis , A. J. Coates , P. Canu , M. K. Dougherty

First-order Fermi acceleration processes at ultrarelativistic shocks are studied with Monte Carlo simulations. The accelerated particle spectra are obtained by integrating the exact particle trajectories in a turbulent magnetic field near…

Astrophysics · Physics 2009-11-13 Jacek Niemiec

Relativistic current sheets have been proposed as the sites of dissipation in pulsar winds, jets in active galaxies and other Poynting-flux dominated flows. It is shown that the steady versions of these structures differ from their…

Astrophysics · Physics 2009-11-10 J. G. Kirk

Colliding collisionless shocks appear in a great variety of astrophysical phenomena and are thought to be possible sources of particle acceleration in the Universe. We have previously investigated particle acceleration induced by single…

Highly magnetised rapidly spinning neutron stars are widely considered to be natural sites for acceleration of charged particles. Powerful acceleration mechanism due to unipolar induction is thought to operate in the magnetospheres of…

Astrophysics · Physics 2007-05-23 B. Rudak

We begin by reviewing the theory of thermal, neutrino-driven proto-neutron star (PNS) winds. Including the effects of magnetic fields and rotation, we then derive the mass and energy loss from magnetically-driven PNS winds for both…

Astrophysics · Physics 2009-06-23 B. D. Metzger , T. A. Thompson , E. Quataert

The maximum energy to which cosmic rays can be accelerated at weakly-magnetised ultra-relativistic shocks is investigated. We demonstrate that for such shocks, in which the scattering of energetic particles is mediated exclusively by ion…

High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena · Physics 2015-06-18 B. Reville , A. R. Bell

Synchrotron radiation detected from relativistic astrophysical objects such as pulsar-wind nebulae and {jets from active galactic nuclei} depends on the magnetic fields and the distribution functions of energetic electrons in these systems.…

Astrophysics of Galaxies · Physics 2026-03-04 Daniel Humphrey , Cristian Vega , Stanislav Boldyrev , Vadim Roytershteyn

Collisionless shock waves have long been considered amongst the most prolific particle accelerators in the universe. Shocks alter the plasma they propagate through and often exhibit complex evolution across multiple scales. Interplanetary…

Using our new 3-D relativistic electromagnetic particle (REMP) code parallelized with MPI, we have investigated long-term particle acceleration associated with an relativistic electron-positron jet propagating in an unmagnetized ambient…

High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena · Physics 2009-06-25 K. -I. Nishikawa , M. Medvedev , B. Zhang , P. Hardee , J. Niemiec , A. Nordlund , J. Frederiksen , Y. Mizuno , H. Sol , G. J. Fishman

We investigate the acceleration of light particles in perpendicular shocks for plasmas consisting of a mixture of leptonic and hadronic particles. Starting from the full set of conservation equations for the mixed plasma constituents, we…

High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena · Physics 2015-06-05 A. Stockem , F. Fiuza , R. A. Fonseca , L. O. Silva

Astrophysical shocks create cosmic rays by accelerating charged particles to relativistic speeds. However, the relative contribution of various types of shocks to the cosmic ray spectrum is still the subject of ongoing debate. Numerical…

High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena · Physics 2023-08-25 Artem Bohdan , Anabella Araudo , Allard Jan van Marle , Fabien Casse , Alexandre Marcowith