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We investigate the interaction of nonthermal ions (protons and nuclei) accelerated in an ultrarelativistic blastwave with the pre-existing magnetic field of the medium into which the blastwave propagates. While particle acceleration…

Astrophysics · Physics 2009-11-13 Sean M. Couch , Milos Milosavljevic , Ehud Nakar

Neutron stars are among the most fascinating astrophysical sources, being characterized by strong gravity, densities about the nuclear one or even above, and huge magnetic fields. Their observational signatures can be extremely diverse…

High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena · Physics 2017-11-06 L. Del Zanna , A. G. Pili , B. Olmi , N. Bucciantini , E. Amato

We have investigated particle acceleration and emission from shocks and shear flows associated with an unmagnetized relativistic jet plasma propagating into an unmagnetized ambient plasma. Strong electro-magnetic fields are generated in the…

High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena · Physics 2014-12-23 K. -I. Nishikawa , P. Hardee , I. Dutan , B. Zhang , A. Meli , E. J. Choi , K. Min , J. Niemiec , Y. Mizuno , M. Medvedev , A. Nordlund , J. T. Frederiksen , H. Sol , M. Pohl , D. Hartmann

Particles are accelerated to very high, non-thermal energies during explosive energy-release phenomena in space, solar, and astrophysical plasma environments. While it has been established that magnetic reconnection plays an important role…

Shock acceleration is an ubiquitous phenomenon in astrophysical plasmas. Plasma waves and their associated instabilities (e.g., Buneman, Weibel and other two-stream instabilities) created in collisionless shocks are responsible for particle…

Astrophysics · Physics 2009-11-10 K. -I. Nishikawa , P. Hardee , G. Richardson , R. Preece , H. Sol , G. J. Fishman

We consider the acceleration of charged particles at the ultra-relativistic shocks, with Lorentz factors \Gamma_s >> 1 relative to the upstream medium, arising in relativistic fireball models of gamma-ray bursts (GRBs). We show that for…

Astrophysics · Physics 2009-10-31 Yves A. Gallant , Abraham Achterberg

A shock wave propagating perpendicularly to an ambient magnetic field accelerates particles considerably faster than in the parallel propagation regime. However, the perpendicular acceleration stops after the shock overruns a circular…

High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena · Physics 2023-02-06 Mikhail Malkov , Martin Lemoine

The source of high-energy protons (>500 MeV) responsible for the so-called ground level enhancements (GLEs) remains an open question in solar physics. One of the candidates is a shock wave driven by a coronal mass ejection, which is thought…

Solar and Stellar Astrophysics · Physics 2018-06-15 A. Afanasiev , R. Vainio , A. P. Rouillard , M. Battarbee , A. Aran , P. Zucca

The outflows from gamma ray bursts, active galactic nuclei and relativistic jets in general interact with the surrounding media through collisionless shocks. With three dimensional relativistic particle-in-cell simulations we investigate…

Astrophysics · Physics 2010-11-11 C. B. Hededal , T. Haugboelle , J. T. Frederiksen , Å. Nordlund

Weakly magnetized, relativistic collisionless shock waves are not only the natural offsprings of relativistic jets in high-energy astrophysical sources, they are also associated with some of the most outstanding displays of energy…

High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena · Physics 2020-12-17 A. Vanthieghem , M. Lemoine , I. Plotnikov , A. Grassi , M. Grech , L. Gremillet , G. Pelletier

Strong magnetically dominated Alfv\'enic turbulence is an efficient engine of non-thermal particle acceleration in a relativistic collisionless plasma. We argue that in the limit of strong magnetization, the type of energy distribution…

Plasma Physics · Physics 2024-05-14 Cristian Vega , Stanislav Boldyrev , Vadim Roytershteyn

The origin of cosmic rays in our Galaxy remains a subject of active debate. While supernova remnant shocks are often invoked as the sites of acceleration, it is now widely accepted that the difficulties of such sources in reaching PeV…

High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena · Physics 2021-03-24 Giovanni Morlino , Pasquale Blasi , Enrico Peretti , Pierre Cristofari

While collisionless plasmas are ubiquitously present near astrophysical compact objects, the impact that their composition has on the high-energy emission is presently unknown. We present the first investigation of particle-acceleration…

High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena · Physics 2026-04-09 Claudio Meringolo , Mario Imbrogno , Alejandro Cruz-Osorio , Sergio Servidio , Luciano Rezzolla

lasma instabilities excited in collisionless shocks are responsible for particle acceleration. We have investigated the particle acceleration and shock structure associated with an unmagnetized relativistic electron-positron jet propagating…

High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena · Physics 2015-06-03 K. -I. Nishikawa , E. J. Choi , K. Min , P. Hardee , Y. Mizuno , B. Zhang , J. Niemiec , M. Medvedev , A. Nordlund , J. Fredriksen , M. Pohl , H. Sol , D. H. Hartmann , G. J. Fishman

We expand the off-resonant scattering theory for particle diffusion in magnetized current filaments that can be typically compared to astrophysical jets, including active galactic nucleus jets. In a high plasma beta region where the…

Astrophysics · Physics 2009-11-13 Mitsuru Honda , Yasuko S. Honda

We consider a model in which the ultra-relativistic jet in a gamma-ray burst (GRB) is cold and magnetically accelerated. We assume that the energy flux in the outflowing material is partially thermalized via internal shocks or a reverse…

High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena · Physics 2015-05-28 Ramesh Narayan , Pawan Kumar , Alexander Tchekhovskoy

Particle acceleration in collisionless shocks is believed to be responsible for the production of cosmic-rays over a wide range of energies, from few GeV to >10^{20}eV, as well as for the non-thermal emission of radiation from a wide…

Astrophysics · Physics 2009-11-11 E. Waxman

We present a scenario that could explain non-thermal particle acceleration in relativistic quasi-perpendicular electron-positron shocks, such as the termination shock of pulsar wind nebulae. The shock produces a strong electromagnetic…

High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena · Physics 2025-09-10 Emanuele Sobacchi , Yuri Lyubarsky , Lorenzo Sironi , Masanori Iwamoto

Being the most extreme explosions in the universe, gamma-ray bursts (GRBs) provide a unique laboratory to study various plasma physics phenomena. The complex lightcurve and broad-band, non-thermal spectra indicate a very complicated system…

High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena · Physics 2019-02-08 Asaf Pe'er

Understanding the conditions conducive to particle acceleration at collisionless, non-relativistic shocks is important for the origin of cosmic rays. We use hybrid (kinetic ions -- fluid electrons) kinetic simulations to investigate…

High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena · Physics 2023-09-07 Luca Orusa , Damiano Caprioli