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We consider the recently introduced "galileon" field in a dynamical spacetime. When the galileon is assumed to be minimally coupled to the metric, we underline that both field equations of the galileon and the metric involve up to…

High Energy Physics - Theory · Physics 2009-10-07 C. Deffayet , G. Esposito-Farese , A. Vikman

We determine the most general scalar field theories which have an action that depends on derivatives of order two or less, and have equations of motion that stay second order and lower on flat space-time. We show that those theories can all…

High Energy Physics - Theory · Physics 2013-05-29 Cédric Deffayet , Xian Gao , Daniele A. Steer , George Zahariade

A class of gravity theories respecting spatial covariance and in the presence of non-dynamical auxiliary scalar fields with only spatial derivatives is investigated. Generally, without higher temporal derivatives in the metric sector, there…

General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology · Physics 2026-02-13 Jun-Cheng Zhu , Shu-Yu Li , Xian Gao

We present a clear, step-by-step method for counting degrees of freedom and identifying constraints in general field theories. This approach, grounded in the works of Einstein, Hilbert, Cartan, Kuranishi, and, more recently, Seiler, is…

Mathematical Physics · Physics 2025-09-24 Lavinia Heisenberg

We discuss a formulation of Galileon actions in terms of matrix determinants in four dimensions. This approach allows one to straightforwardly determine derivative couplings between Galileons and scalar or vector degrees of freedom that…

High Energy Physics - Theory · Physics 2015-06-17 Gianmassimo Tasinato

We have recently proposed a new class of gravitational scalar-tensor theories free from Ostrogradski instabilities, in arXiv:1404.6495. As they generalize Horndeski theories, or "generalized" galileons, we call them G$^3$. These theories…

Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics · Physics 2015-06-22 Jérôme Gleyzes , David Langlois , Federico Piazza , Filippo Vernizzi

Galileon models arise in certain braneworld scenarios as modifications to General Relativity, and are also interesting as field theories in their own right. We show how the galileon model can be naturally generalized to include local gauge…

High Energy Physics - Theory · Physics 2012-03-05 Shuang-Yong Zhou , Edmund J. Copeland

We introduce a new class of scalar-tensor theories that extend Horndeski, or "generalized galileon", models. Despite possessing equations of motion of higher order in derivatives, we show that the true propagating degrees of freedom obey…

High Energy Physics - Theory · Physics 2015-06-03 Jérôme Gleyzes , David Langlois , Federico Piazza , Filippo Vernizzi

Certain scalar fields with higher derivative interactions and novel classical and quantum mechanical properties - the Galileons - can be naturally covariantized by coupling to nonlinear massive gravity in such a way that their symmetries…

High Energy Physics - Theory · Physics 2013-12-17 Melinda Andrews , Kurt Hinterbichler , James Stokes , Mark Trodden

We investigate a class of gravity theories respecting only spatial covariance, termed spatially covariant gravity, in the presence of an auxiliary scalar field. We examine the conditions on the Lagrangian required to eliminate scalar…

General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology · Physics 2024-03-25 Zhi-Chao Wang , Xian Gao

We establish a correspondence between general relativity with diffeomorphism invariance and scalar field theories with Galilean invariance: notions such as the Levi-Civita connection and the Riemann tensor have a Galilean counterpart. This…

High Energy Physics - Theory · Physics 2016-03-02 Remko Klein , Mehmet Ozkan , Diederik Roest

We perform the Hamiltonian constraint analysis for a wide class of gravity theories that are invariant under spatial diffeomorphism. With very general setup, we show that different from the general relativity, the primary and secondary…

General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology · Physics 2014-11-26 Xian Gao

We explore field theories of a single p-form with equations of motions of order strictly equal to two and gauge invariance. We give a general method for the classification of such theories which are extensions to the p-forms of the Galileon…

High Energy Physics - Theory · Physics 2016-04-27 Cédric Deffayet , Shinji Mukohyama , Vishagan Sivanesan

We propose a new class of higher derivative scalar-tensor theories without the Ostrogradsky's ghost instabilities. The construction of our theory is originally motivated by a scalar field with spacelike gradient, which enables us to fix a…

High Energy Physics - Theory · Physics 2019-03-05 Xian Gao , Masahide Yamaguchi , Daisuke Yoshida

We provide a complete classification of all abelian gauge invariant $p$-form theories with equations of motion depending only on the second derivative of the field---the $p$-form analogues of the Galileon scalar field theory. We construct…

High Energy Physics - Theory · Physics 2017-09-06 Cédric Deffayet , Sebastian Garcia-Saenz , Shinji Mukohyama , Vishagan Sivanesan

Elementary features of galileon models are discussed at an introductory level. Following a simple example, a general formalism leading to a hierarchy of field equations and Lagrangians is developed for flat spacetimes. Legendre duality is…

High Energy Physics - Theory · Physics 2020-02-14 Thomas L. Curtright , David B. Fairlie , Hassan Alshal

We extend to curved backgrounds all flat-space scalar field models that obey purely second-order equations, while maintaining their second-order dependence on both field and metric. This extension simultaneously restores to second order…

General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology · Physics 2009-10-07 C. Deffayet , S. Deser , G. Esposito-Farese

Degenerate scalar-tensor theories are recently proposed covariant theories of gravity coupled with a scalar field. Despite being characterised by higher order equations of motion, they do not propagate more than three degrees of freedom,…

High Energy Physics - Theory · Physics 2017-03-08 Javier Chagoya , Gianmassimo Tasinato

We construct a consistent model of Galileon scalar electrodynamics. The model satisfies three essential requirements: (1) The action contains higher-order derivative terms, and obey the Galilean symmetry, (2) Equations of motion also…

High Energy Physics - Theory · Physics 2020-03-25 Ashu Kushwaha , S. Shankaranarayanan

To circumvent some technical difficulties faced by the geometric Lagrangian approach to the physical degree of freedom count presented in the work of Diaz, Higuita, and Montesinos, J. Math. Phys. 55, 122901 (2014) that prevent its direct…

General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology · Physics 2018-05-21 Bogar Diaz , Merced Montesinos
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